Intro Chapters

Question 1

What is anatomy

Answer 1

Study of structure

Question 2

Difference between macroscopic anatomy and microscopic anatomy

Answer 2

Macro- studying structures visible to the eye
Micro- studying structures invisible to the eye

Question 3

Tools for studying anatomy

Answer 3

Observation, dissection, palpitation, auscultation

Question 4

What is physiology

Answer 4

The study of function

Question 5

Physical principles

Answer 5

Electrical currents, pressure, movement

Question 6

Chemical principles

Answer 6

Creating/breaking of chemical bonds

Question 7

Structure meets function

Answer 7

Anatomical structures are designed to perform their specific function

Question 8

6 levels of structural organization in order (smallest to biggest)

Answer 8

Chemical-atoms molecules
Cellular-organelles and cells
Tissue-group of similar cells
Organ-2+ tissue types
Organ system-organ that work together
Organism-all systems working together

Question 9

8 necessary life functions

Answer 9

Maintain boundaries- plasma membrane and skin
Contractility- movement of body parts and substances
Responsiveness- ability to sense and react to stimuli
Digestion- break down of food and absorbing nutrients
Metabolism- all chemical reactions catabolism and anabolism
Excretion- removal of waste from digestion and metabolism
Reproduction- cell division for growth/repair and sexual reproduction
Growth- increase cell size and number of

Question 10

5 survival needs

Answer 10

Nutrients- for energy and cell building (carbs, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins)
Oxygen- essential for ATP
Water- most abundant molecule in body, universal solvent, main driver in catabolic chem rxns
Normal body temp, PH, osmolarity- cells exist in narrow ranges, temp changes affect chem rxns
Appropriate atmospheric pressure- for gas exchange and adequate breathing

Question 11

What is homeostasis

Answer 11

Maintaining a Stable internal environment despite a changing external environment

Question 12

Homeostasis requires internal communication from what 2 body systems? What do they do?

Answer 12

Nervous- electrical messages, short term, very specific
Endocrine- chemical messages, long term, widespread effects

Question 13

What is a receptor

Answer 13

Structure that detects a stimulus

Question 14

What is a control center

Answer 14

Revives input and decides output

Question 15

What is an effector

Answer 15

Receives output from control center and provides appropriate response

Question 16

Negative feedback system

Answer 16

Body senses a change and REVERSES or REDUCES initial stimuli

Question 17

Positive feedback

Answer 17

Body senses a change and increases initial stimuli and triggers a cycle of ever increasing response (ex.birth)

Question 18

Results of disturbance of homeostasis

Answer 18

Disease, damage, feedback mechanisms spiraling out of control

Question 19

5 other body cavities (not dorsal or ventral)

Answer 19

Oral and digestive cavities
Nasal cavity
Orbital cavities
Middle ear cavities
Synovial cavities

Question 20

What is serosa

Answer 20

Thin double-layered membrane protecting and cradling our internal organs

Question 21

Parietal serosa

Answer 21

Membrane layer that LINES body cavity walls

Question 22

Visceral serosa

Answer 22

Membrane layer that COVERS the organ

Question 23

Serous fluid

Answer 23

Lubricating field that fills the serous cavity (space between parietal&visceral)

Question 24

Where is each serous membranes
1) pericardium
2) pleura
3) peritoneum

Answer 24

1) heart
2) lungs
3) abdominal organs