Intro-Ch.4

Question 1

Peoples ideologies are largely based on people’s views about…

Answer 1

1. ) what are humans like, why do they act the way they do
2. )the nature of society
3. ) the role of the individual in society

Question 2

What did Thomas Hobbes believe?

Answer 2

Believed that people were driven by brutality, fear and self-interest and if left to there own devices they would resort to dangerous violence. This means that having both freedom and security was not possible, therefore, everyone must give up their freedom to a dictator or monarch.

Question 3

What did Locke believe?

Answer 3

Locke believed that man was rational and reasonable. Government must exist to protect life, liberty, and property so people must give up some freedom to allow for this. Believed that government should act on the will of the people -popular consent.

Question 4

What did Jean-Jacques Rosseau believe?

Answer 4

Believed that man was born free equal and good, but man became corrupted by society. It was therefore necessary to make people equal then run a society through the general will of the people. Citizens would make laws directly through freedom.

Question 5

Name the sources of identity.

Answer 5

Family
Gender beliefs and values
Religion and spirituality
Environment
Relationship to land
Language 
Media shape beliefs and values
Government

Question 6

What is human nature?

Answer 6

Your belief about human nature will affect the ways in which that you believe people should interact and be governed.

Question 7

What is nature and structure of society?

Answer 7

The social structure of a society reflect the beliefs and values of the group.
The structure of society that you are born into will affect your beliefs and values about the best way to form a society.

Question 8

Define ideology

Answer 8

An ideology is an understanding about how the world is like, how it got to be the way it is, and what it should be like in the future.

Question 9

What are the characteristics of ideology?

Answer 9

Human nature, structure of society, vision for the future.

Question 10

What is interpretations of history

Answer 10

Events from the past shape the beliefs and values we have as individuals
The ways in which a group people view and interpret the historical events shapes the way in which a society is formed and the ideologies it is based on.

Question 11

Description of nation

Answer 11

A community of people usually occupying a defined territory, often politically independent

Question 12

Description of class

Answer 12

A division of society, such as the middle class, usually define by income, wealth, privilege, or role in society

Question 13

Description of race

Answer 13

A group of human beings distinguished according to biological traits such as skin colour

Question 14

Description of environment and relationship to land

Answer 14

The natural surroundings in which a person lives, and his or her connection to those surroundings

Question 15

Description of gender

Answer 15

The male or female sex considered as a sociological category

Question 16

Description of religion

Answer 16

The worship of one or more details and acceptance of a particular set of values associated with that worship

Question 17

Describe the Medieval period. Was it collective or an individual society and why.

Answer 17

Collective
Roman Catholic Church maintained power with the promise of life after death.
People were identified with their social class rather than as individuals
Kings held power through Divine Right – The will of God.

Question 18

Describe the Renaissance. Was it collective or an individual society and why?

Answer 18

Birth of Individual
Rebirth – a rediscovery of the classical Greek and Roman cultures and the idea of man’s central role in the world.
After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, these ideas moved west as people fled.
Greek thinking was both humanistic and individualistic.
This was apparent in the changes in art, both in style (realistic) and content (people)

Question 19

What are all the principles of individualism?

Answer 19

Private property 
Rule of law
Individual rights and freedoms
Competition
Economic freedom 
Self-interest

Question 20

What are all the principles of collectivism?

Answer 20

Economic equality
Co-operation
Public property
Collective interest 
Collective responsibility 
Adherence to collective norms

Question 21

How was classical liberalism influenced by Montesquieu?

Answer 21

Value of individual
Limited government
Rights and responsibilities

Question 22

How was classical liberalism influenced by smith

Answer 22

Focus on individual 
Free market
Rule of law 
Limited government 
Competition

Question 23

How was classical liberalism influenced by mill

Answer 23

Individual rights and freedoms

Limited government

Question 24

What where montesqueus beliefs

Answer 24

Believed in work of the individual
Believed strongly in separation of powers that is, that the government should be divided into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.

Question 25

What were Adam smiths beliefs

Answer 25

Believed people worked first and for most for themselves
Invisible hand - by looking after own self interest end up helping everyone else by providing jobs and cheaper products
Individuals work for their own self interest in a free market

Question 26

What where mills beliefs

Answer 26

Believed that the only limitations that should be placed on an individual were those that would protect the liberty of others
An individual should be able to act as she or he wants so long as there actions would not harm others

Question 27

In the industrial revolution how were people’s living and working conditions affected by the belief and values of classical liberalism

Answer 27

Because of enclosure, the mechanization of agriculture, and the availability of jobs in factories, large segments of population migrated to the cities.
Led to overcrowding and unsanitary living conditions in the cities, with tenants sometimes being exploited by landlords.

Question 28

Define modern liberalism

Answer 28

Ideology that attempts to address inequality (collectivist) while still protecting the rights and freedoms of the individual