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Neuro 1 > Intro Brain > Flashcards

Intro Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Does HAL move medial to lateral or lateral to medial?

A

Lateral to medial

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2
Q

What is poor comprehension of speech, speak fluently but “word salad” – makes no sense to us or them

A

Wernicke’s aphasia (receptive)

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3
Q

What is good comprehension but difficulty forming words and slow speech (patient gets frustrated)?

A

Broca’s aphasia (expressive)

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4
Q

Temporal Lobe: superior temporal lobe is important for what reasons? What else is the temporal lobe involved in what?

A

Auditory perception Memory formation and storage

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5
Q

What part of the temporal lobe is important for facial recognition? What disease is the temporal lobe commonly associated with?

A

Inferior Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

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6
Q

What part of the temporal lobe is need for detecting moving objects?

A

Middle temporal Gyrus

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7
Q

What is the superior parietal lobe needed for?

A

Integration of sensory and motor functions, programming mechanism for motor responses

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8
Q

When their is a problem with CSF or flow of the fluid, what is the associated problem?

A

Hydrocephalus

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9
Q

What equals = corpus striatum (putamen + caudate + globus pallidus) + substantia nigra + nucleus accumbens + subthalamic nucleus

A

Basal Ganglian

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10
Q

The anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery are both from what artery? The posterior cerebral artery is from what artery?

A

Internal Carotid Vertebral Artery

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11
Q

What disease is this?

A

Acute subarachnoid hemorrhage with classic star pattern

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12
Q

What problem is shown, is the blood arterial or venous?

A

Arterial

Epidural Bleed, doesnt cross suture lines, ouside dura mater, middle menigeal artery usually the problem

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13
Q

What is wrong with this picture?

Is the blood venous or arterial

Crosses between dura and arachnoid

A

Subdural bleed

Venous blood

Crosses the suture lines

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14
Q

The brain uses almost _____ percent of the cardiac output, and uses approx. ____ percent of the body’s total oxygen consumption.

A

15

25

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15
Q

The human brain consumes approximately ____% of glucose-derived energy, making it the main consumer of glucose (approximately 5.6 mg glucose per 100 g human brain tissue per minute).

Can also use acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, which are what?

A

20

ketone bodies

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16
Q

Vision problems such as night blindness (nyctalopia). Night blindness is the inability of the eyes to adjust when a person goes from a lighted area to a dark area, changes in the skin and mucous membranes; decreased sense of taste

Is a deficency in what?

A

Vitamin A

Retinol

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17
Q

Beriberi = loss of motor coordination; paralysis; pain in arms and legs; headache. Loss of myelin sheath; attacks motor and sensory axons of the neuron. Wernicke’s encephalopathy (early) and Korsakoff Syndrome (late) end with severe neuronal loss

What is the deficency?

A

Thiamine B1

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18
Q

Visual problems: burning, itching of the eyes, sensitivity to light; burning sensations around the mouth; peripheral nerve damage

What is the vitamin deficency?

A

Vitamin B2

Riboflavin

19
Q

Pellagra = mental problems (disorientation, confusion, depression, memory deficit, mania, paranoia); digestive problems; skin problems.

What is the deficency?

A

Niacin

Vitamin B3

20
Q

Abnormal touch sensations, mania, convulsions; abnormal EEG recordings. What is the deficency?

A

Vitamin B6

Pyriodoxine

21
Q

Mainly causes blood disorders. Neurological signs include memory problems, pain, abnormal touch sensations and movement problems including weakness can occur. Degeneration of white matter in the cerebral hemispheres, optic nerves, spinal cord (subacute combined degeneration). What is the deficiency?

A

Cobalamin B12

22
Q

Affects peripheral nerves and the nerve supply to muscle. Walking and balance problems, eye movement problems. What is the deficency?

A

Vitamin E

23
Q

What does emotion formation and processing, learning, and memory, and is also important for executive function and respiratory control?

A

Cingulate gyrus

24
Q
  • two thin sheets of mostly glial-like elements that about each other in the midline and have a potential space between them. Those sheets also separate the left and right lateral ventricles from each other. At the base of the sheets rostrally are the septal nuclei, which are important components of the limbic system.
A

Septum Pellucidum

25
Q

Short term memory, modulation of the hypothalmic functions, regulation of emotional behavior

If not working can temporal lobe epilepsy

What system is this used for?

A

Limbic Structures

26
Q

What structues make up the Limbic structure?

A

Hippocampus formation, amygdala, septal area, cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex

27
Q

What is responsible for feeding, drinking, autonomic, and endocrine fuctions, sexual and emotional behavior?

A

Hypothalamus

28
Q

What is responsible for the transmission of signals from the CNS to the cerebral cortex mediating sensory, motor, cognitive, and emotional functions?

A

Thalmus

29
Q

What three structures make up the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus, hypothalmus, limbic structures

30
Q

The basal ganglia is made up of the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and what two other items?

A

Subthalamic nucleus, and substantia nigra

31
Q

What is the green arrow pointing too?

What does it connect?

A

Posterior commissure, below the pineal gland and above the superior colliculi

Midbrain and Diencephalon

32
Q

The posterior commissure interconnects the _________________ mediating the consensual pupillary light reflex

A

Pretechtal nuclei

33
Q

What connects the middle & inferior temporal gyri of the two hemispheres (most other cortical regions are connected by the corpus callosum), and the two (limbic) amygdalae. It runs across the midline just in front of the fornix?

A

Anterior Commissure

34
Q

What runs in the anterior limb of the internal capsule?

A

Thalamocortical fibers

35
Q

What runs in the corticobulbar fibers?

What muslces run in it as well?

A

Muscles of face, head, neck, motor V, VII, XI, XII

36
Q

What runs in the posterior limb?

A

Corticospinal and some Thalamocortical (sensory fibers)

37
Q

What makes the largest part of the basal ganglia?

A

Putamen and caudate nucleus

38
Q

What receives sensory and motor information somatotopically, and appears to be more concerned with control and integration of motor functions?

A

Putamen

39
Q

The _____________ receives diverse secondary information, and seems to be concerned with decisions about and cognitive aspects of movement, eye movement, and emotional correlates of these movements.

A

caudate nucleus

40
Q

What runs through the anterior limb of the anterior limb?

The anterior limb separates striate nucleus from caudate nucles

A

Thalamocortical Fibers (frontal) and Corticostriate Fibers

41
Q

What runs through the internal capsule of the Corticobulbar fibers?

A

Muscles of the face, head, neck, Motor V, VII, XI, XII

42
Q

What rus in the posterior Limb?

Separates the striate nucleus from the thalmus?

A

Corticospinal and Some Thalamocortical (Sensory) Fibers

43
Q

What connects the middle & inferior temporal gyri of the two hemispheres (most other cortical regions are connected by the corpus callosum), and the two (limbic) amygdalae. It runs across the midline just in front of the fornix.

It also contains

decussating fibers

from the olfactory

tracts, and is a part

of the neospinothalamic

tract for pain.

A

anterior commissure

Neuro 1 (5 decks)

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