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Neuro 1 > Block2 drugs and odd stuff > Flashcards

Block2 drugs and odd stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What two neurotransmitters are not contained in traditional clear vesicles?

A

NE and 5HT

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2
Q

What does ACh impact with sleep-wake cycles?

A

Pontine

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3
Q

ACh with memory has what drug that inhibits acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?

A

Donepezil

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4
Q

Parkinson is delayed by an antagonist at M1 receptor (muscarinic drug), what is the name of the drug?

A

Benztropine

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5
Q

Pilocarpine over activates muscarinic receptors and is responsible for inducing what?

A

Seizures

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6
Q

What drug is used to test for Myasthenia Gravis? What drug is used to treat long term and does not cross the BBB?

A

Neostigmine

Pyridostigmine

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7
Q

Presynaptic muscarinic receptors lower what ion to lower neurotransmitter release?

A

Calcium

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8
Q

What does curare lower in a cell depolarization graph?

A

V(m)

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9
Q

Tubocuraine and Pancuronium are both used in surgery as long-lasting what?

A

Muscle Relaxants

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10
Q

Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis have auto-antibodies attach where?

A

LEMS attach at the calcium gated channel

MG attaches at the AChRs on the post-synaptic part

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11
Q

What is the final enzyme that breaks down glutamine in the recycling pathway?

A

Glutaminase

Glutamate is released, transformed into glutamine and then into glutamate

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12
Q

What types of Glutamate Receptors are there?

A

Fast: NMDA, AMPA, Kainate
Slow: G-protein coupled

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13
Q

What is the only approved FDA drug for ALS?

A

Riluzole

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14
Q

Riluzole blocks what channels and does allow a calcium influx?

A

sodium

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15
Q

Glutamate to Gaba is done by what enzyme?

What channel does it open?

A

Glutamic acid decarboxylase

Chloride

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16
Q

When GABA is transferred back into the cells, what enzymes help turn it back into Glutamate?

A

GABA transaminase

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17
Q

Valproic acid and Vigabatrin inhibit what enzyme for treatment of epilepsy?

What vitamin is needed?

A

GABA t inhibitors

B6

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18
Q

What is zolpidem and s-zopiclone work against GABA to treat what disease?

A

Insomina

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19
Q

What two diseases does GABA have increasing importance with?

A

Huntington’s Chorea and Epilepsy

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20
Q

Barbiurates, Benzodiaepines, alcohols, and anesthetics are used to enhance what neurotransmitter?

A

GABA(a) increase chloride and inhibiting the cell

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21
Q

What are valium, midazolam, lorazepam, zolpidem used to enhance?

A

GABA-gated chloride

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22
Q

What drug acts on (agonist) GABA(B) receptors, reduces muscle spasms?

What drug antagonizes GABA(a)?

A

Baclofen

Bicuculline

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23
Q

What enzyme is used to go from L-Tyrosine to L-DOPA?

A

Tyrosine Hydroxylase

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24
Q

What disease is Mutations in glycine receptor. Receptors do not pass enough Cl- producing insufficient inhibition in spinal cord and generalized stiffness and excessive startle reflexes, hypnotic states in children and adults.(Jumping Frenchmen of Maine, Stiff baby syndrome, perhaps Latah in southeast Asia)

A

Hyperekplexia

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25
Q

Mutations in membrane transporters, too much glycine leads to neonatal lethargy and mental retardation, seizures exacerbated by NMDA overactivation (glycine site is full)
What disease is this?

A

Neonatal Hyperglycinemia

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26
Q

a poison used to kill rodents, causes muscular convulsions and eventually death through asphyxia or sheer exhaustion by blocking glycine receptors in spinal cord, what disease is this?

A

Strychnine

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27
Q

cleave vesicular proteins to prevent release of Renshaw cell glycine (and GABA) in spinal cord, thereby causing muscle rigidity. What disease is this?

A

Tetanus Toxins

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28
Q

What does monoamine oxidase breakdown?

A

Dopamine

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29
Q

What drug is used to block MAO(b) used in Parkinson’s Disease to increase dopamine levels?

A

Selegiline

30
Q

L-Dopamine is given for Parkinson’s disease, given along with what other drug that does not cross the BBB?

A

Carbidopa

31
Q

What NE pathway is contained in the hypothalamus, basal forebrain, spinal cord?

A

Caudal raphe nuclei

32
Q

What are ADHD and Narcolepsy treated with?

A

Amphetamine-like compounds

33
Q

What do amitripyline, desimipramine treat when blocking the re uptake of norepinephrine?

A

Depression

34
Q

What enzyme converts NE to E?

A

PNMT

35
Q

What is the RLE in Serotonin synthesis?

A

Tryptophan hydroxylase

36
Q

What drug inhibits 5-HT?

A

SSRI, Prozac

37
Q

What is sumatriptan?

A

5-HT agonists

38
Q

Ondansetron blocks what receptor for Chemotherapy-induced emesis?

A

5-HT3

39
Q

Serotonin is the precursor to what?

A

Melatonin

40
Q

What does NO prolong the release of?

A

Glutamate

41
Q

What do Cocaine and Ritalin do?

A

inhibit uptake of DA, NE, and 5-HT

42
Q

What do Amphetamines do?

A

Reverse the uptake transporter and thus cause the release of DA, NE, and 5-HT

43
Q

What blocks the reuptake of NE and 5HT

A

Imipramine, Tricyclic Antidepressants

44
Q

What is a Monoamine oxidase inhibitor?

A

Selegiline

45
Q 
substances moved from axon terminal to soma: 
 vesicle membrane remnants 
 re-uptaken neurochemicals
 nerve growth factor (NGF)
 pathological substances
 cholera toxin
 bacteria, viruses
How are they moved?
A

dynein, fast retrograde transport

46
Q

substances moved from soma to axon terminal:
Pre-propeptides and
Enzymes required for processing of neuropeptides

A

kinesin, fast antegrade transport

47
Q

substances moved from soma to axon terminal:
Neurofilaments
Microtubules
Enzymes required for small molecule neurotransmitter synthesis
How are they moved?

A

slow antegrade transport

48
Q

Arteriolar dilation, Venous constriction, increased venous pressure, heart failure, Extracellular fluid expansion cause an increase in what?

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure

49
Q

A decrease in albumin, liver failure, protein malnutrition, nephrotic syndrome decrease what?

A

colloid plasma concentraiton

50
Q

An increase in what is due to burns and inflammation?

A

K(f)

51
Q

Due to reflective waves, what type of pressure increases?

A

arterial pressure, non aorta (brachial artery, for example)

52
Q

What decreases due to compliance?

A

diastolic pressure

53
Q

When there is an increase in systolic pressure and decreases diastolic pressure, what is increased?

A

pulse pressure increases

54
Q

Compliance is equal to what two things divided?

A

Pressure divided by volume

55
Q

Given the same compliance, as stroke volume increases, what else increases?

A

pulse pressure

56
Q

As complaince decreases, given the same stroke volume, what increases?

A

Pulse pressure

57
Q

When stroke volume increases, systolic pressure goes up and what goes down?

A

diastolic pressure

58
Q

A decrease in the vascular compliance increase systolic pressure and decreases what?

A

diastolic pressure

59
Q

What receptor is not blocked by naloxone?

A

Nociceptin-ORL1

60
Q

Muscle nictonic normally uses what?

Muscle nicotinc fetal and denervated?

A

epsilon

gamma

61
Q

Neural Nicotinic are what two subunits and what parts are homomeric?

A

alpha and beta, alpha 7-9 are homomeric

62
Q

amitriptyline, desimipramine are used for depression, what type are they?

A

tricyclic depressants

63
Q

Where do all but on step for dopamine to epi synthesis occur?

A

cytoplasm

64
Q

NMDA has what binding sites that AMPA and kainate do not have?

A

Mg and glycine

65
Q

Axodendritic is what gray type?

Most of the other ones are what?

A

Gray Type1

Gray Type2

66
Q

2 protofilaments form a _____________

3 protofibrils form a _____________

A

protofibril

neurofilament

67
Q

Bipolar neurons do what?

Unipolar neurons are what?

A

Retinal neurons, olfactory neurons

Sensory for vetibulal and cocchlear

68
Q

What are the three things needed for chromatolysis?

A

Nissl substance disintegration and dispersal

Neuronal swelling (edema)

Nuclear eccentricity

69
Q

Neurotransmitters are synthesized in the rough ER and move what?

neuropeptides are moved via what? and what happens at the end?

A

enzymes

vesicles and fast transport, not recycled

70
Q

Synaptobrevin and Synaptotagmin both bind to what?

A

Snap-25 and Syntaxin

71
Q

Clathrin, _________, ______________

A

Dynamin, synapsin

Neuro 1 (5 decks)

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