Intro Ballistics

Question 1

What are the three compenonets of ballisitics?

Answer 1

internal, external, and terminal

Question 2

What is the tragectory? What component does it belong to?

Answer 2

path that the bullet follows, shallow arc. External ballistics

Question 3

Small arms vs artillery?

Answer 3

small arms, carried in hand

artillery, requires motive power

Question 4

bore, barrel and muzzle?

Answer 4

bore- inner tube
barrel- the whole pipe
muzzle- end of gun

Question 5

cartridge

Answer 5

single item or round or shot (shot gun)

Question 6

what are the four components of a cartridge?

Answer 6

1) projectile
2) case or casing
3) gunpowder
4) primer

Question 7

why bigger bottle neck casing in rifle casing?

Answer 7

more gun powder, in turn increases KE for a smaller bullet

Question 8

what is a breech?

Answer 8

where detonation takes place. where you load the gun too

Question 9

3 functions of a casing?

Answer 9

hold bullet
contain gunpowder
expand

Question 10

primer

Answer 10

contains an explosive that ignites with mechanical force

Question 11

what are the parts of a primer and what do they do?

Answer 11

the compound is crushed between the cup and the anvil. the flame goes through the flash hole and enters the gun powder

Question 12

type types of gun powder? how do they differ

Answer 12

black and smokeless powder. smokeless has a complete conversion to gas.

Question 13

two different diameters of shot gun pellets

Answer 13

bird and buck. 000 is called an aught

Question 14

Slugs

Answer 14

a single shot from a shotgun. used for large game like bears or deer. fewer down range injuries because KE is lost quickly

Question 15

hollow point allows

Answer 15

mushrooming/ bullet expansion

Question 16

rifling in bore

Answer 16

used to cause a spin on the bullet and allow for an increase in accuracy and stability. grooves in barrel

Question 17

shotguns and rifling

Answer 17

only if firing a slug

Question 18

what does rifling help to prevent?

Answer 18

yawing and tumbling

Question 19

penetrate vs perforate?

Answer 19

penetrate- entrance no exit

perforate- entrance and exit

Question 20

intermediate targets

Answer 20

an unintentional target in the path of the bullet. cause decrease in KE and stability.

Question 21

low, medium and high velocity classifications

Answer 21

low: <1000 ft/sec
medium: 1000-2000 ft/sec
high: > 2000 ft/sec

Question 22

factors causing wound characteristics? (BITE-bone)

Answer 22

bullet, intermediate targets, tangential impact, pre-Exisiting fractures/ sutures etcs, and bone

Question 23

What two of BTE-bone effect all wounds

Answer 23

bullet and bone

Question 24

What are the 6 bullet factors?

Answer 24

strength, speed, stability, shape, size, surface treatment

Question 25

calibre

Answer 25

max diameter of bullet or min diameter of bore

Question 26

gauge

Answer 26

shotgun calibre, number of lead bullets that meet diamter from 1 pound of lead

Question 27

different shapes

Answer 27

conical, wad-cutter, spitzer, hollow point

Question 28

shape of bullet before and after firing depend on what?

Answer 28

1) bullet velocity and stability, 2) bullet construction 3) non- bullet factors

Question 29

what two factors determine drag of bullet?

Answer 29

calibre and shape

Question 30

why is is good to expand at impact

Answer 30

1) increase surface area 2) it decreases KE in tissue 3) rapid slowing of bullet in tissue 4) wider permanent wound track

Question 31

Why lead?

Answer 31

heavy but soft so will deform on impact causing more damage

Question 32

fragmentation

Answer 32

good as it causes more damge, act as secondary projectiles

Question 33

richocet vs intermediate targets

Answer 33

ricochet- oblique rebound or skipping of bullet | intermediate target- unintentional target between firearm and true target

Question 34

jacketing

Answer 34

covering of the bullet in a metal, usually copper, to allow for protection on integrity from heating at high high speeds

Question 35

FMJ

Answer 35

full metal jacketing, will usually not deform

Question 36

Kinetic energy equation

Answer 36

KE= 1/2mv^2

Question 37

Theoretical vs practical increase of increasing KE

Answer 37

add more gun powder, better option is to increase mass

Question 38

High vs low KE bullets and wound severity

Answer 38

low may cause more damage as more energy is given off to the tissue

Question 39

Denser tissue

Answer 39

decreases speed and increases yaw resulting in more KE lost

Question 40

Mechanisms of tissue damage?

Answer 40

permanent and temporay (cavitation)

Question 41

intermediate target on shot gun pattern

Answer 41

target spreads out the spray sooner than expected

Question 42

tangential targets cause entrance wound looking like what?

Answer 42

keyhole pattern where nose chips off some of the ectocranial skull

Question 43

tangential targets cause exit wound looking like what?

Answer 43

key hole but everything is blown out

Question 44

What do the pre-exisiting things result in?

Answer 44

a dissipation of energy causing a smaller than expected entrance wound

Question 45

What can happen if bone is shattered by bullet?

Answer 45

it causes other secondary bone fragments that cause damage

Question 46

bullet shape and energy transfer?

Answer 46

more round the bullet, more energy that is transfered

Question 47

trabecular bone

Answer 47

theorectically because it is less dense would fracture less but false, because it is attatched to corticol bone, the bone is pulled off and causes more damage

Question 48

permantent wound track

Answer 48

direct tissue damage to the tissues in its path

Question 49

cavitation

Answer 49

indirect damage to the surround tissues of the wound track. high velocity bullets cause undulation and pulsating circumference

Question 50

cavitation is most significant at what velocity?

Answer 50

> 300 m/s

Question 51

amount of injury and size of wound correspond to?

Answer 51

direct crushing and cavitation

Question 52

cavitation is esp damaging to what kind of organs?

Answer 52

friable, fluid-filled, and rigid

Question 53

why is the brain a bad place to get shot?

Answer 53

its got a rigid shell and will essentially explode. its is fluid filled so will cause secondary fractures

Question 54

What is important when considering amount of damage caused by a bullet

Answer 54

fragmentation and intergrity of the bullet

Question 55

Why is cavitation truly destructive?

Answer 55

temporary cavitation focuses on areas weakened by fragmentation rather than being evenly spread by tissue mass.

Question 56

variations of decrease in energy loss?

Answer 56

yaw pattern tumbling tissue density/ elastic differences