Intro and Types of Vessels

Question 1

Afferent definition

Answer 1

carrying toward a central structure

Question 2

Efferent definition

Answer 2

carrying away from a central structure

Question 3

Arteries function

Answer 3

vessels that carry blood away from the heart

Question 4

Arterioles function

Answer 4

major point of control over how much blood an organ or tissue receives

Question 5

Capillaries function

Answer 5

connects the smallest arteries to the smallest veins

Question 6

Venules function

Answer 6

collect deoxygenated blood from the capillaries and transport it to larger veins

Question 7

Veins function

Answer 7

carries blood back to the heart

Question 8

What tissue does the tunica intima contain?

Answer 8

simple squamous epithelium and a sparse layer of loose connective tissue

Question 9

What tissue does the tunica media contain?

Answer 9

smooth muscle, collagen, and sometimes elastic tissue

Question 10

What tissue does the tunica externa contain?

Answer 10

loose connective tissue

Question 11

Which tunic touched the blood?

Answer 11

tunica intima

Question 12

endothelium

Answer 12

look back at study guide

Question 13

What is the vasa vasorum

Answer 13

network of smaller vessels serving the larger one

Question 14

Structural differences between veins and arteries

Question 15

Elasticity definition

Answer 15

ability of a blood vessel to stretch and return to its original shape

Question 16

Contractility definition

Answer 16

ability of blood vessel walls to change diameter

Question 17

Vasoconstriction definition

Answer 17

narrowing of a vessel

Question 18

What causes vasoconstriction

Answer 18

smooth muscle of the tunica media contracts

Question 19

Vasodilation definition

Answer 19

widening of a vessel

Question 20

What causes vasodilation

Answer 20

relaxation of the smooth muscle

Question 21

What can signal smooth muscles in arteries to contract?

Question 22

What are the 3 main types of arteries?

Answer 22

conducting (large) arteries, distributing (medium) arteries, resistance (small) arteries

Question 23

Sensory structures of arteries

Answer 23

carotid sinuses, carotid bodies, aortic bodies

Question 24

Structure of capillaries

Question 25

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

Answer 25

continuous, fenestrated capillaries, sinusoids

Question 26

Where are each of the 3 capillaries found?

Answer 26

continuous - skeletal muscles, lungs, brain fenestrated - kidneys, endocrine glands, small intestine sinusoids - liver, bone marrow, spleen

Question 27

Capillary bed definition

Question 28

Precapillary sphincter definition

Answer 28

smooth muscle cell around the entrance of a capillary; acts as a valve controlling blood flow into capillary networks

Question 29

Collaterals definition

Answer 29

backup blood vessels that allow for secondary blood pathways

Question 30

Anastomoses definition

Answer 30

point of convergence between two blood vessels other than capillaries

Question 31

Angiogenesis definition

Answer 31

process of creating new blood vessels

Question 32

What are the key characteristics of veins?

Answer 32

thin-walled and flaccid

Question 33

What are the 3 types of veins

Answer 33

- postcapillary venules - medium veins - large veins

Question 34

Purpose of venous valves

Answer 34

prevent backflow of blood

Question 35

How do venous valves work

Question 36

Distribution of blood throughout the body

Question 37

Describe arterisclerosis

Answer 37

stiffening and loss of elasticity in arterial walls

Question 38

Describe cardiovascular accidents

Answer 38

sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain

Question 39

Describe aneurysm

Answer 39

weak point in an artery or the heart wall that forms a bulging sac that may rupture

Question 40

Describe varicose veins

Answer 40

pooling of blood in the lower limbs due to standing for long periods

Question 41

Order the vessels from largest to smallest

Answer 41

arteries, veins, arterioles, venules, capillaries