intro and pre-anesthetic evaluation

Question 1

tranquilization

Answer 1

behavior change

relief of anxiety

patients are relaxed but aware of surroundings

Question 2

sedation

Answer 2

central depression, drowsiness

patient unaware of surroundings but responsive to pain

Question 3

narcosis

Answer 3

drug indued state of sleep

Question 4

hypnosis

Answer 4

artifically induced sleep

patient readily aroused

Question 5

pain

Answer 5

unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

Question 6

analgesia

Answer 6

freedom or absence of pain in presence of stimuli that would be painful

Question 7

nociception

Answer 7

reception, conduction and processing of nerve signals generated by stimulation of nociceptors

Question 8

neuroleptanalgesia

Answer 8

combination of opioi and tranquilizer

Question 9

dissociative anesthesia

Answer 9

induced by drugs that dissociated the thalamocortical and limbic systems

cataleptoid state (eyes open, swallow reflexes intact, hypertonus)

Question 10

bolus injfection

Answer 10

injection that is given over short (seconds) peroid of time

Question 11

constant rate infusion (CRI)

Answer 11

injection given over longer peroids (hours to days) at a constant rate to maintai steady drug levels in plasma

Question 12

patient evaluation

Answer 12

signalment

temperament

hx

PE

lab exam and diagnostics

patient prep

ASA status

Question 13

signalment/temperament

Answer 13

age

sex

breed

species

weight

BAR/QAR vs exciable vs aggressive

Question 14

hx

Answer 14

nature, duration of illness

co-morbidities

level of debilitation

previous or current drugs

anesthetic history

Question 15

PE

Answer 15

BCS

Cardiopulmonary

Hepatic

Renal

Reproductive

Gastrointestinal

musculoskeletal

integument

temperament!

Question 16

laboratory tests

Answer 16

Big 4: PCV, TP, BUN, glu

other: CBC, Chem, Liver fcn tests, UA, crossmatch, thoracic rads, ECG, clotting times

Question 17

patient preparation

Answer 17

fasted? (except neonates, exotics/small mammals

necessary medications received

stabilized/underlying conditions treated: dehydration, hypovolemia, electrolyte abnormalities, arrythmias, thoracocentesis

Question 18

ASA status

Answer 18

assesses risk of patients

I: normal, healthy

II: mild systemic disease

III: severe systemic disease

IV: constand threat to life

V: not expected to survive 24 h

Question 19

adequate plane of anesthesia

Answer 19

eye signs-eye positionm, palpebral reflex (absent), corneal reflex (present)

physical signs: jaw tone, other reflexes

Question 20

circulation

Answer 20

palpate pulse

palpate, auscult heart beat through chest wall

ECG

non-invasive blood pressure

Question 21

oxygenation

Answer 21

goal: ensure adequate arterial oxygen content

mucous membrane color-cyanosis requires >5g/dl deoxygenated Hgb

pulse oximetry

oxygen analyzer

ABG (PaO2)

Question 22

ventilation

Answer 22

goal: ensure adequate delivery of O2 and inhalant and expulsion of CO2

observation of chest wall, rebreathing bag

auscultation of breath sounds

capnography (ET CO2)

ABG (PaCO2)