Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EKG > intro and electrophysiology > Flashcards

intro and electrophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two basic cell types in the heart

A
  • myocardial cells
  • conducting cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the branching network of myocardial cells is called a

A

syncytium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the types of conducting cells

A
  • pacemaker cells
  • electrical conducting cells
    • bundle branches
    • purkinje fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

myocardial cells are surrounded by a membrane called

A

a sarcolemma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

special contact points where the myocardial cells connect are called

A

intercalated disks

  • house gap junctions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what structure hold myocardial cells together during contraction

A

desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

electrical impulses in the atria must travel through to get to the ventricles

A

specific conduction pathways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what provides a support structure for the AV and semilunar valves and seperates the upper pumping chambers from the lower chambers

A

plate of fibrous connective tissue that lies between the atria and ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where are the two main baroreceptors found

A
  • aorta
  • carotid arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

information from baroreceptors and chemoreceptors is transmitted to the cardioregulatory center in the

A

medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 functions of sympathetic stimulation on heart

A
  1. increased pacemaker firing
  2. increased impulse conduction through heart
  3. increased force of contraction
  4. coronary vasodilation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

2 functions of parasympathetic stimulation on heart

A
  1. decreased rate of SA node pacemaker firing
  2. decreased rate of impulse conduction through AV node
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the 4 key properties of myocardial cells

A
  1. automaticity
  2. excitability
  3. conductivity
  4. contractility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the ability of certain cells to produce an electrical impulse without outside nerve stimulation

A

automaticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the ability to respond to an electrical stimulus

A

excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the ability to transmit an electrical stimulus from cell to cell

A

conductivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the ability to contract when electrically stimulated

A

contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

function of pacemaker cells

A

have the ability to spontaneously generate an impulse at a certain rate

19
Q

function of electrical conducting cells

A
  • carry the electrical impulses to the appropriate regions of the heart
20
Q

List the 3 pacemaker cells and their intrinsic rate

A
  • SA node: 60-100 bpm
  • AV node: 40-60 bpm
  • purkinje fibers: 20-40 bpm
21
Q

where are the SA node and AV node located in the heart

A
  • SA node: posterior right atrium
  • AV node: low right atrium
22
Q

list conduction pathway through heart

A
  • SA -> AV- > bundle of HIS -> right and left bundle branches (left -> anterior and posterior fascicles) -> purkinje fibers: spread throughout myocardium
23
Q

what are primary charges inside and outside of myocardial cell in polarized state

A
  • resting state
  • negatively charged ions INSIDE cell
  • Positively charged ions OUTISDE cell
24
Q

depolarization occurs when what ions enter the cell

A
  • positive ions
    • Na+
    • Ca2+
25
Q

what happens during repolarization

A
  • after depolarization
  • positive ions (Na+, Ca2+, K+) leave the cells and interior cells returns to its negatively charged state
26
Q

list two types of refractory periods

A
  1. absolute refractory period: following depolarization, cells is resistant to further depolarization
  2. relative refractory period: in the late phase of repolarization, a very strong electrical stimulate will cause depolarization
27
Q

bipolar leads have what electrodes

A
  • positive and negative electrodes
28
Q

unipolar leads have what electrodes

A

only a positive electrode

29
Q

list the bipolar leads

A
  • the limb leads
30
Q

what are the limb leads

A
  • I, II, III
31
Q

list the unipolar leads

A
  • chest/precordial leads
  • augmented limb leads
32
Q

list the chest/precordial leads

A

V1-V6

33
Q

list the augmented limb leads

A
  • aVR: right arm
  • aVL: left arm
  • aVF: foot
34
Q

lead I goes from

A
  • right arm (-) to left arm (+)
35
Q

lead II goes from

A
  • right arm (-) to left leg (+)
36
Q

lead III goes from

A
  • Left arm (-) to left leg (+)
37
Q

movement toward a positive electrode appears as what on the ECG tracing

A

upright, above the baseline

38
Q

movement away from a positive (toward a negative) electrode appears as what on the ECG tracing

A

below the baseline

39
Q

ECG records the sum of all the small directional electrical currents, these are called ? and their sum is called ?

A
  1. vectors
  2. electrical axis
40
Q

P wave represents

A

atrial depolarization

41
Q

QRS complex represents

A

ventricular depolarization

42
Q

T wave represents

A

ventricular repolarization

43
Q

atrial repolarization is hidden in the

A

QRS wave

EKG (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions