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EKG > Basics of EKG part I > Flashcards

Basics of EKG part I Flashcards

1
Q

each small square on ECG paper = how many seconds in duration and what amplitude

A
  • 0.04 sec
  • 0.1 mV = 1mm
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2
Q

five small squares or one large box = what duration

A
  • 0.2 seconds in duration
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3
Q

What causes P wave

A
  • produced by
    • initiation of impulse in SA node
    • depolarization of RA and LA
    • impulse passing through AV junction
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4
Q

duration of P wave should be

A

0.06-0.10 seconds

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5
Q

PR interval consists of what segments? normal time for PR interval is

A
  • start of P wave and ends at start of QRS complex
  • 0.12-0.20
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6
Q

PR segment consists of what segments?

A
  • isoelectric line between end of P wave and start of QRS complex
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7
Q

differentiate between Q, R, and S waves in terms of deflection

A
  • Q wave: first negative deflection following PR segment
  • R wave: first positive deflection following Q wave
  • S wave: first negative deflection following R wave
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8
Q

normal QRS duration is

A

0.06-0.11 seconds

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9
Q

ST segment consists of what on ECG

A
  • flat line that follows QRS complex
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10
Q

Where is the J point

A

where the QRS complex meets the ST segment

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11
Q

QT internval consists of what on ECG

A
  • distance from onset of QRS complex until the end of T wave
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12
Q

QT internval is a measure of

A
  • time of ventricular depolarization and repolarization
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13
Q

normal duration of QT internval

A
  • 0.36-0.44 seconds
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14
Q

aVR augmented lead points in direction of and views what aspect of the heart

A
  • Right arm positive
  • views base of heart: atria and great vessels
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15
Q

aVL augmented lead points in direction of ​ and views what aspect of the heart

A
  • Left arm positive
  • views lateral wall of left ventricle
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16
Q

aVF augmented lead points in direction of ​ and views what aspect of the heart

A
  • Left leg positive
  • views inferior wall of inferior left ventricle
17
Q

are the precordial (chest) leads positive or negative

A

all positive

18
Q

List the placement of V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, and V6 on chest

A
  • V1: 4th ICS on the right of sternum
  • V2: 4th ICS on the left of sternum
  • V3: halfway between V2 and V4
  • V4: 5th ICS in mid clavicular line
  • V5: anterior axillary line, same horizontal plane as V4
  • V6: midaxillary line, same horizontal plane as V4
19
Q

What are the modified chest leads

A
  • MCL 1 and MCL 6
    • provide continuous cardiac monitoring
    • used in ER, telemetry, and ICU
  • place positive electrode in same position as V1 or V6
20
Q

List the leads that assess the anterior portion of the heart

A
  • V1-V4
21
Q

List the leads that assess the lateral portion of the heart

A
  • I
  • aVL
  • V5-V6
22
Q

List the leads that assess the inferior portion of the heart

A
  • II
  • III
  • aVF
23
Q

How can you calculate the heart rate using a 6 second interval ECG

A
  • multiply by 10 the number of QRS complexes found in a 6 second portion of ECG tracing
24
Q

What is the method of determining rate of ECG in which you find an R wave located on or near a bold and then find the next consecutive R wave. Bold line the 2nd R wave falls on represents heart rate

A
  • 300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50 method
25
Q

When using 300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50 method, what do you do if second R wave does not fall on a bold line (quick and dirty method)

A
  • heart rate is approximated
    • ex: falls between 75 and 60 BPM bold lines, then HR lies in between those BPM
26
Q

When using the 300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50 method, what is the acceptable way to determine rate when the R-R interval falls between large boxes

A
  • ex: if rate is between 100-75, there are 25 numbers in between them, so each small box can represent a heart rate of 5 (25/5 small boxes)
  • ex: if rate is between 75-60, there are 15 numbers between them, so each small box can represent a heart rate of 3 (15/5)
27
Q

can the 300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50 method be used with irregular rhythms?

A

NO

28
Q

can the 1500 method to determine rate on ECG be used with irregular rhythms

A

NO

29
Q

What is the 1500 method

A
  • count the number of small squares between two consecutive R waves and divide 1500 by that number
    • ** most accurate
30
Q

normal HR lies between

A
  • 60-100 bom
    • < 60 bpm -> bradycardia
    • > 100 bpm -> tachycardia
31
Q

how can you determine if rhythm is regular or irregular? What are the methods?

A
  • if the distance of R-R intervals and P-P intervals is the same -> regular
  • methods
    • caliper method
    • paper and pen method
    • counting the small squares method
32
Q

What is the Caliper method to determine heart rate regularity

A
  1. position one point of caliper on a starting point
  2. open caliper until the point is positioned on the next R wave or P wave
  3. rotate caliper across to peak of the next consecutive (3rd) P wave or R wave
33
Q

What is a wandering atrial pacemaker? what affect does it have on rhythm

A
  • pacemaker changes location from site to site producing a slighly irregular rhythm
34
Q

What is paroxysmal tachycardia

A
  • a normal heart rate that suddently accelerates to a rapid rate producing an irregularity in the rhythm
35
Q

what is patterned irregularity

A
  • irregularity that repeats itself in a cyclic fashion
36
Q

What is a irregularly irregular rhythm? this is seen in what condition

A
  • no pattern to irregularity
  • typically seen in atrial fibrillation

EKG (4 decks)

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