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Cardio > Intro Anatomy > Flashcards

Intro Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main job for cardio pulmanary?

A

Get rid of Co2 to get O2

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2
Q

What is cover larynx?

A

Thyroid gland

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3
Q

Mucous membrane of larynx forms?

A

1-false vocal cord ( superior pair)
2-True vocal cord ( inferior pair)

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4
Q

What is the main job for false vocal cords?

A

Holding breath againts pressure

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5
Q

What is the main job for True vocal cord?

A

Vibrate and produce sound

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6
Q

Trachea devided into 2 types?

A

Hayline cartilage ( protect Trechea)
Smooth tissue

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7
Q

What devid the Bronchi?

A

Carina

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8
Q

What is the most sensetive area triggering cough reflex?

A

Carina

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9
Q

What helps the bronchi to strech?

A

Smooth tissue

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10
Q

As cartilage decrease, smooth tissue increase

A

Yes

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11
Q

Relaxation / Dilation

A

Sympethatic CNS

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12
Q

Contraction/ constriction

A

Parasympthatic CNS

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13
Q

Each lung enclosed by doubled-layered by?

A

Pleural membrane

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14
Q

Two types of pleural membrane?

A

Paraitel pleura (lines wall of thorasic cavity)
Visceral pleura ( covers lungs themselves)

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15
Q

Herat makes left lung 10% smaller than right ?

A

Yes

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16
Q

How many lobe of the right lung?

A

3 lobes
Superior lobe
Middle lobe
Inferior lobe

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17
Q

How many lobe of the left lung?

A

2 lobe
Superior lobe
Inferior lobe

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18
Q

Where we can find the Horizontal fissure?

A

In the Right lung

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19
Q

Every things enter the lungs comes from?

A

The back

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20
Q

How many order of branching for the lung?

A

25 order of branching

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21
Q

What is the shape of Alveoli?

A

Cup-shaped outpouching

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22
Q

How many types of aleveolar epirhelial cells?

A

2 types
Type 1 (gas exchange)
Type 2 (secrete alveolar fluid ( surfacant) to reduce tendency to collapse)

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23
Q

What covers the alveoli?

A

Surfacant

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24
Q

Lungs receive blood from?

A

Pulmonary artery ( deoxygenated blood)
Bronchial arteries ( oxygenated blood)

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25
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation عملية التنفس devided into 3 parts?

A

1-Ventilation / breathing
Inhalation and exhalation
Exchange of air between atmpsphere and
alveoli
2-External pulmonary respiration
Exchange of gases between alveoli and blood
3-Internal tissue respiration
Exchange of gases between systemic capillaris and tissue cells

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26
Q

Inhalation equall

A

Inspiration

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27
Q

Pressure inside alveoli must become lower than atmpsheric pressure الضغط الخارج اعلى من الداخل

A

Yes

28
Q

What is Boyle’s Law ?

A

Pressure of gas is inversly proportional to the volum of the container

29
Q

Inhalation is always

A

Active

30
Q

Inhalation is require?

A

Muscle contraction

31
Q

Responsible for 75% of air entering lungs

A

Diaphram

32
Q

Most important muscle oh inhalation, flattens,lowering dome when contracted?

A

Diaphram

33
Q

For deep, forceful inhalation?
اذا باخذ تفس عميق

A

Accessory muscle الموجودة بالرقبه العضلات

34
Q

Exhalation equall

A

Expiration

35
Q

Pressure in lungs greater than atmospheric pressure

A

Yes

36
Q

Exhalation only active during forceful breathing

A

Yes

37
Q

Left side of the heart stronger than the Right

A

Yes

38
Q

Aortic Arch

A

وظيفته يقسم الدم الى اتجاهين علوي وسفلي

39
Q

What is the unique properties of cardiac cells?

A

1-Automaticity ( cells contract independintly)
2-Excitability (ion shift)
3-conductivity
4-contracttility

40
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

مليان O2 ومسؤول عن تغذية ال cardiac tissue

41
Q

The heart can’t pump unless an electrical stimulus occurs

A

Yes

42
Q

What is responsible for muscle contraction ?

A

Ca+

43
Q

Where we can find SA node (60-100 bpm)?

A

In the upper Right atrium

44
Q

Electrolyes can result in alteration in cardiac cycle?

A

Potassium =(A.P)
Calcium=( muscle contraction)
Sodium= ( A.P)
Magnesium = ( efficiency of muscle and nerve)

45
Q

Cardiac output

CO=SV*HR

A

Oxygenated blood to vital organs كمية الدم الي تطلع من القلب كل دقيقه

46
Q

SV ( stroke volume)

A

amount of blood ejected by 1 ventricle in 1 beat

47
Q

What is the cardiac load ( preload (distole) and afterload (resistance) ?

A

Preload—> degree of blood befor contraction
Afterload—> pressure againts which ventricles must eject blood

48
Q

Preload / afterload

A

Preload ( increase in Hypovolmia + Regulation of cardiac valves)
Afterload ( increase in Hypertension + vasoconstriction )

49
Q

What is the subjective data for Assessment?

A

Chest pain, dyspnea, edema, fainting, palpitatiomd, diaphoresis, fatigue, and orthopnea

50
Q

What is the Objective data Assessment?

A

Cyanosis, distended neck veins, poor quality of respirations, coughing, heart sounds , ascites, edema, skin temperature, pulses, capillary refill

51
Q

How edema happens in the body?

A

We called it pitting edema
اذا صارت مشكلة في RV الدم مايوصل بكمية كبيرة راح يتجمع بمكان واذا تجمع يصير له edema

52
Q

Normal heart rate?

A

60-100 beats per minutes

53
Q

Bradycardia rate and treatment?

A

Less 60 beat per minutes
Atropine or peacemaker

54
Q

Tachycardia and Treatment?

A

100 to 150 beat per minunts
Treatment depends on cause

55
Q

تعريف من جوجل
Ventricular Fibrillation?

A

It is a type of irregular heart rhythm , the lower heart chambers contract in avery rapid and uncoordinated manner

56
Q

A systole

A

No muscle contraction
( flat line) بالمخطط

57
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Caused by myocardia ischemia

58
Q

What kind of pain of Angina pectoris

A

Squeezing pain , under sternum radiating to left or right shoulder, jaw or ear
Pain may be mild or immobilizing

59
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Insufficient blood flow to the heart muscle

60
Q

Treatment for Angina pectoris

A

Treat to increase blood supply
( PTCA) , ( CABG)

61
Q

PTCA vs CABG

A

PTCA —> نحاول نفتح artry مسدود
Used : Angina pectoris
CABG —> artey تقفل بالكامل وياخذون artry من اي مكان ويزرعونه جنب المسدود
Used for MI

62
Q

MI
Myocardial Infraction

A

Obstruction in coronary artery resulting in necrosis

63
Q

Symptoms of MI

A

Chest pain, heaviness, lower sternal pain, dyspenea, diaphoresis, nausea,anxiety , vomiting cyanosis

64
Q

Treatment for MI

A

Medications , surgery, diet, and bed rest
Increase oxgen

65
Q

Untreated left ventricular failure, right ventricular
myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive
coronary disease, cor pulmonale, and pulmonic
valve stenosis
Diseases Causes for which ?

A

Right- sided heart failur

66
Q

Another name for Right-sided Heart Failure?

A

Cor pulmonale

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