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Cardio > CP Assessment > Flashcards

CP Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Mointoring measurement of vital signs and clinical assessement are?

A

Essential skills

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2
Q

What is the Signs of the heart care?

A

1- Heart rate
2- Respiratory rate
3- Blood pressure
4- Temperature
5- Oxygen saturation

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3
Q

Assessment for heart care?

A

1-Observation
2-Palpation
3-Ausculation
4-percussion

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4
Q

H ow often should we check the vital signs?

A

at the time of the initial examination

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5
Q

Temperature

What is the factors effecting body temperature?

A

Infection
Disease
Exposure

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6
Q

Normal Range of Temperature?

A

36.5/37.5 C

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7
Q

Temperature sites? شلون اخذ الحرارة

A

1-Oral (best for adult/ 15min post smoking/ hot or cold
drink,food)
2- Axillary (Noninvasive/ good for children)
3-Rectal ( used when it unsafe/ inaccurate by the mouth)
4- Ear ( easy/ rapid)

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8
Q

Most common Temperature site?

A

Oral site

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9
Q

Sometimes false reding?

A

Ear sites

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10
Q

The 2 important factors influencing HR?

A

Stroke volume and compliance of arterial wall

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11
Q

H R: The rate at which the heart beats, or contracts. Any contraction (even if it doesn’t result in appreciable blood flow through the arteries) is part of heart rate.

A

Yes

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12
Q

HR is expressed in ………..and regulated by ……….

A

beat per min , AUtonomic nervous system

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13
Q

Best Measures for HR by?

A

Ausculating the cardiac apex

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14
Q

Cardiac apex? وين موجود

A

5th intercostal space

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15
Q

What we are looking when we check HR?

A

Rate
Rhythm
Strength

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16
Q

What is the Max. HR during exercise?

A

220 bpm

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17
Q

HR is measured for one minute (irregular rhythm)

A

15 second * 4
• 30 seconds * 2

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18
Q

Normal adult HR

A

60-100 bpm

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19
Q

Tachycardia
Bradycardia measurment?

A

Tachycardia > 100 bpm
Anexiety, fever, anemia, hepoxia, cardiac disoders
* Medication ( Bronchodilators)

Bradycardia < 60 bpm
Athlets
*Medication (beta blockers)

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20
Q

Perepheral puse?

A

is a pulse located in the periphery of the body (7 sites: radial,brachial, popliteal, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis arteries)

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21
Q

Apical pulse

A

(central pulse): it is located at the apex of the heart

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22
Q

Pulse volume?

A

It is the force of blood with each beat

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23
Q

Respiratory Rate

A

Num of breath per min

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24
Q

Normal ( eupnea) for adult

A

12-20 breath per min

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25
Q

Eupnea
Apnea

A

Eupnea ( normal breath)
Apnea( absence of breathing)

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26
Q

Effort/ Depth

A

Volume of air during inhalation andexhalation

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27
Q

effort/ depth
Normal
Shallow
SOB

A

Normal ( deep and symmetrical)
Shallow ( decreased volume)
SOB ( rapid breathing)

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28
Q

Biot’s

A

Period of apnea then deep irregular breath

29
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Deeper breath not necassarly fast

30
Q

Kussmaul’s

A

Deep fast breathing
Diabetes , keto

31
Q

Cheyne-stokes

A

Period of apnea ( head injury affecting CNS)

32
Q

How do we measure RR?

A

Patient should be distracted

33
Q

Vital signs:
Blood pressure

A

is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of
the arteries in which it is flowing

34
Q

BP expered in terms of

A

Milimeters of mercury (mmHg)

35
Q

Systolic pressure

A

is the maximum of the pressure against the wall of the
vessel following ventricular contraction

36
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

is the minimum pressure of the blood against the walls
of the vessels following closure of aortic valve (ventricular relaxation)

37
Q

BP …..?

A

120/80

120 ( systolic)
80 ( dystolic)

38
Q

Factors effecting BP

A

1- Sleep
2- Blood loss
3- Positioning
4- Medications
5- Diseases

39
Q

BP
Hypertension/ Hypotention

A

Hyper > 145/95 mmHg
Hypo < 90/60 mmHg

40
Q

BP> 5 what we call it

A

Postural hypertention

41
Q

Vital sign
Oxygen Saturation

A

Quick, continuous, non-invasive , safe,
Normal : 96-100% adult

42
Q

Pulse Oximeters can be attached to?

A

your fingers, forehead, nose, foot, ears or toes

43
Q

if your oxygen saturation reads 92% on the pulse oximeter, it may be actually anywhere

A

From 90 to 94%

لا حسبتها اعلى من ٢٪؜ او اقل من ٢٪؜ نزيد وننقص

44
Q

Inaccurate Readings for Oxygen pulse

A

.O2 <70% or <80%
• Poor circulation
• Motion artifact
• Very dark skin
• Hypothermia
• Nail polish/artificial nails
• Abnormal hemoglobin: e.g. carboxyhemoglobin

45
Q

Vital signs
CPA ( Cardiopulmonary Assessment)
Physical Examination?

A

Inspection
Precusion
Palpation
Ausculation

46
Q

INSPECTION

A

General Appearance
Facial Expression
Neck
Chest
Phonation
Cough-sputum
Extremities

47
Q

General Appearance

A

Observation ( it should be done in asystematic manner ( head—> extremities))

48
Q

Observation

A

1- Level of consciousness( Alert/ orientd/ confused/ comatos
2- Body Type (Obese, normal, cachectic)
3-Body posture/positioning(Kyphosis, scoliosis, leaning forward, semi-fowler)
4-Skin tone(Oxygenation and perfusion eganosis)
5-Equipment(All equipment / appropriate use)

49
Q

Fascial Expression

A

Nasal Flaring
Sweating
Paleness
Pursed-lip Breathing—–> Indication of chronic obstructive lung disease (air trapping)

50
Q

Neck

A

Muscles: Hypertrophy/shortening of sternocleidomastoid
Veins: JVD
Clavicle: Shortening of the SCM and more prominent clavicles could be due to leaning forward posture of
the head and trunk

51
Q

Shortening of the Sternocleidomastoid and more prominent clavicles could be due to:

A

Leaning forward posture of the head and trunk

52
Q

Chest
The normal rate differs for infants through adults?

A

12-20

53
Q

I:E ratio

A

Normally—-> 1:2
Abnormal—>1:4

54
Q

Barrel chest? Chest walls is held in a state of hyperinflation

A

Obstructive lung disease

55
Q

Congential chest defect

A

Pectus exavatum( funnel) sternum depressed into chest محفور للداخل
Pectus carinatum ( pigeon) portrusiin of the sternum منفوخ

56
Q

Phonation

A

Interruption of speech for a breath—> dyspnea of phonation. e.g. one-word dyspnea,two word phonation

57
Q

Extremities
Cyanosis

A

•Cardiopulmonary dysfunction
•Decrease circulation due to:
• Cold
• Vasospasm
• Peripheral vascular disease
• Decreased cardiac output

58
Q

Digital Clubbing

A

Chronic tissue hypoxia—> hypoxemia-producing diseases

59
Q

Abnormal Lung Sounds

A

1-Wheeze ( during inspiration or expiration)
2-Pleural Rub( during inspiration and expiration)
3-Crackles( Common during inspiration) / restriction or obstruction, Early or late inspiration

60
Q

Ausculation (Heart)

A

• Aortic area
• Pulmonary area
• Tricuspid area
• Mitral Valve

61
Q

Palpation

A

Palpation is an assessment technique employed to refine the information previously gathered from the chart review, inspection, and auscultation.

62
Q

Palpation Evaluation of:

A

• Mediastinum
• Chest motion
• Chest wall pain
• Fremitus
• Muscle activity
• Circulation

63
Q

Mediastinum

A

• Tracheal shift
• Shift to the right or left !!
• Tracheal shift could be due to
surgery or diseases

64
Q

Chest motion

A

• Upper, middle, and lower lobes
• Breathing quietly and deeply
• Measuring:
• Amount of movement of
the hands
• Symmetrical movement
• Timing of the movement

65
Q

Fremitus( Vibration)

A

Voice
Secretion
Saying the number ( 44 in Arabic)
• Increased fremitus—> secretion
• Decreased fremitu—> Air

66
Q

Muscle Activity

A

• With inspiration the tips of the thumbs —> 5cm apart (diaphragmatic excursion)

67
Q

Palpation
Circulation

A

• Blood flow (pulses)
• Brachial artery
• Radial artery
• Carotid artery
• Femoral artery
• Popliteal artery
• Posterior tibial artery
• Dorsalis pedis artery

68
Q

Loud and hallow over an empty stomach, hyper-inflated chest

A

(pneumothorax)

69
Q

Normal Diaphram excursion

A

3-5 cm

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