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Histology > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

Microscopic study of tissues, cells, organs and their function.

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2
Q

Another for histology

A

Microscopic anatomy

Microanatomy

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3
Q

Pathology

A

Study of disease

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4
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells (animal and plant)

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5
Q

Cytopathology

A

Study of cellular disease and the use of cellular changes for diagnosis

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6
Q

Cytobiology

A

Study of normal cellular anatomy, function, chemistry, communications, life cycle (mitosis and meiosis) genetics, molecular biology (prokaryotes and eukaryotes)

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7
Q

Cell

A

Structural and functional unit of a tissue

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8
Q

Studying cells needs ….. and resolution of details

A

Magnification

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9
Q

4 types of tissues

A

Epithelial tissues
Connective tissues
Muscular tissues
Nervous tissues

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10
Q

Tissues and their components are what color

A

Colorless

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11
Q

Nucleus is …. therefore it needs a …. dye

A

Acidic

Basic

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12
Q

Cytoplasm is … and needs a …. dye

A

Basic

Acidic

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13
Q

Most common stain

A

Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)

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14
Q

Hematoxylin color

A

Blue

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15
Q

Hematoxylin is …… so it binds to …….. for example…….

A

Basic
Acidic components
Nuclei

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16
Q

Eosin color

A

Pink

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17
Q

Eosin is …. so it binds to …… such as…….

A

Acidic
Basic
Cytoplasm proteins

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18
Q

Proteins that are produced by ribosomes are stained

A

Blue

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19
Q

3 types of stains

A

Vital
Supra-vital
Special

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20
Q

EM

A

Electron microscopy

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21
Q

Electron dense

A

Deep black colour in the EM

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22
Q

Electron lucent

A

Light colour in the EM

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23
Q

Micrometer

A

1 X 10^-6 meter

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24
Q

Nanometer

A

1X10^-9 meter

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25
Q

Picometer

A

1X10^-12 meter

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26
Q

Femtometer

A

1X10^-15 meter

27
Q

The cell consists of …

2 things

A

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

28
Q

cytoplasm consists of….

4

A

Cytosol
Organelles
Cytoskeleton
Inclusions

29
Q

Organelles are…. while inclusions are….

Living, non living

A

Living

Non living

30
Q

Which is essential: organelles or inclusions?

A

Organelles

31
Q

Inclusions function

A

Store Material or waste

32
Q

Organelles are ……while inclusions are …….

Inert, active

A

Active

Inert

33
Q

(Organelles/ inclusions) are in all nucleated cells

A

Organelles

34
Q

(Inclusions/organelles) are temporary

A

Inclusions

35
Q

Cell organelles are divided to ..

2

A

Membranous

Non membranous

36
Q

Membranous organelles are:

8

A 
Cell membrane
Mitochondria 
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi complex
Lysosomes 
Secretory vesicles 
Peroxisomes
Coated vesicles
Endosomes
37
Q

None membranous vesicles are:

3

A 
Ribosomes 
Filaments 
Microtubules
Centrioles
Glycogen inclusions 
(Radio F M )
38
Q

Tissue preparation stages

7

A 
Fixation 
Dehydration 
Clearing
Embedding 
Cutting 
Mounting
Staining
39
Q

Fixation substances:

4

A 
Buffered formal saline
10% formalin
Suza, boudin, zenkar solution 
Formaldehyde or Glutraldhyde
Osmium tetraoxide- potassium permanganate
40
Q

Dehydration:

Definition

A

Gradual removal of water from the tissue using ascending grads of ethyl alcohol to prevent tissue shrinking

41
Q

Clearing

A

Replacement of alcohol in tissue by clearing fluid like xylem, benzene, or acetone.

42
Q

Embedding

2

A

Tissues are impregnated in paraffin

Tissues are impregnated in epon in gelatine capsule

43
Q

Cutting

A

Paraffin blocks are cut

44
Q

Paraffin blocks are cut by microtome using…..

knives into …

A

Metal

6 micrometers sections

45
Q

Capsules are cut by ultra microtones using….. knives into ….

A 
Glass, diamonds 
Ultra thin ( 50-100nm)
46
Q

Mounting: sections spread on ?

2

A

Hot plate then mounted on glass slides

Metal grids

47
Q

Staining by heavy metals such as:

A

Uranyl acetate

Lead nitrate

48
Q

Staining

A

Special dyes stain histological sections and

make them ready for microscopic examination.

49
Q

Stains are :
3
With examples

A

Acidic (eosin)
Basic (heamatoxylin)
Neutral (leishman stain)

50
Q

Physical stains:

A

Stain dissolve in tissues without any chemical reaction

Eg: Sudan 3 for fatty acids

51
Q

Vital stain

A

Staining living tissue inside the body

Eg: trypan blue stain

52
Q

Supra-vital stain

A

Staining living tissues outside the body

Eg: brilliant cresyl blue

53
Q

Metachromatic stain

A

Staining tissues with a color different from the original color stain.
Eg: toluidin blue staining for mast cells.

54
Q

Polychromatic stain

A

Staining the tissue with multiple colors despite using one stain.
Eg: geimsa stain for blood.

55
Q

Orthochromatic stain:

A

Staining the tissue with the same color of the stain

Eg: H&E

56
Q

Histo-chemical stains

A

Histochemistry or cytochemistry

Eg: phosphates, dehydrogenase, peroxidase

57
Q

Histochemistry or cytochemistry

A

Method for localizing cellular structures using a specific enzymatic activity present in those structures

58
Q

Immuno-histo-chemical stain

A

Localization and staining specific proteins by the antigen antibody reaction.

59
Q

ISH

A

In situ hybridization

Nucleic acid sequences in solutions are applied directly to prepared cells.

60
Q

Hybridization

A

the binding between two single strands of nucleic acids if strands are complementary

61
Q

Hybridization allows

A

Specific identification of sequences in genes or RNA

62
Q

The greater the…… the more readily the complementary strands form hybrid

A

Similarities of the nucleotide.

63
Q

ISH is ideal for:

A

(1) determining if a cell has a specific sequence of DNA (such as a gene or part of a gene)
(2) identifying the cells containing specific mRNAs. (3) determining the localization of a gene in a specific chromosome.

Histology (4 decks)

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