Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > Connective > Flashcards

Connective Flashcards

1
Q

8 fixed cells

A 
Mesochymal stem cells
Macrophages 
Fibroblasts 
Fibrocytes
Reticular cells
Endothelial cells
Pericyte
Adipose cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where do muscle and connective tissues come from?

A

Mesoderm of the embryo

Mesodermal origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 types of connective tissues

A

Blood
Bone
Cartrilage
Connective tissue proper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of CT

A
  • Supports organs and cells
  • Medium for exchange of nutrients wastes between the blood and tissues
  • Protects against microorganisms
  • Repairs damaged tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Connective tissues consist of

A

Cells
Fibres
Extracellular matrix(intercellular fluid) (ground substance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CT cells are divided into 2 based on mobility

A

Fixed cells and free (transient ) cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Eg of fixed cells

A

Fixed;

Mesenchymal, reticular, fibroblast, fat cells, pericytes, fixed macrophages, pigment cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Eg of free cells

A

Plasma cells
Mast cells
Extravasated leukocytes
Free macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CT cells are divided in 2 based on their shape

A

Branched an oval (round) cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Eg branched cells

A

Mesenchymal, reticular, fibroblast, pericytes, fixed macrophages, pigment cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oval eg oval cells

A

Plasma cells
Mast cells
Extravasated leukocytes
Fat cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Origin of fibroblasts

A

Undeffrantiated mesnchemal cell. And pericytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

UMC

A

Undeffrantiated mesnchemal cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most common type of connective cells

A

Fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fibrocyte

A

Inactive fibroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cytoplasm of fibroblast

A

Basophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nucleus of fibroblasts

A

euchromatic nucleus
Oval central
Prominent nucleolus
Pale basophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fibroblasts under EM

A

Organelles of protein secreting cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Functions of fibroblasts

A

Synthesis of fibres
Synthesis of ground matrix (glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins)
Healing and repair of the injured CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Fibrocytes under LM

A

Small spindle shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cytoplasm and nucleus of fibrocytes

A

Pale basophilic deeply stained nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Function of fibrocytes

A

Change to active fibroblasts in need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Macrophages orgin

A

Blood monocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Macrophages in liver

A

Kupffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Macrophages in lung

A

Dust cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Macrophages in skin

A

Langerhans cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Macrophages in the spleen

A

Macrophages of the spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Macrophages of the brain

A

Microglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Shape of macrophages

A

Large, irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Cytoplasm of macrophages

A

Basophilic pale, contains a layer of lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Nucleus of macrophages

A

Heterochromatic, eccentric, kidney chaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Functions of macrophages

A

Immunity ( antigen presenting),
secretion (chemotactic factor)
phagocytosis,
destruction of aged RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

EM of macrophages

A

Lysosomes

Phagocytic vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Precursor of macrophages is… and it’s found in ….

A

Monocytes

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where are macrophages

A

Connective tissues
Bone marrow
Lymphoid organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Functions of langerhans and dendritic cells

A

Antigen processing and presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Function of osteoclasts

A

Digestion of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are Multi nuclear giant cell function (type of macrophages)

A

Segregation and digestion of foreign bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are Multi nuclear giant cell

A

Fusion of several macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What are the macrophages in the lymph nodes

A

Dendritic cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Where are microglia cell

A

Nerve tissue of the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Origin of mass cells

A

Progenitor cells in bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Mass cells are (fixed/ free)

A

Free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Types of mass cells 2

A

CT mass cells

Mucosal mass cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Where are CT mast cells and what are they rich in

A

Skin, peritoneal cavity

Rich in heparin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Where are mucosal mast cells and whatbare they rich in

A

Intestinal mucosa, kung,

Rich in chonroitin sulphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Shape of mast cells

A

Oval/ rounded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Cytoplasm of mast cells

A

Basophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Shape of nucleus of mast cells

A

Spherical and covered by granules

50
Q

Functions of mast cells

A

Synthesis
Storage
And secretion

51
Q

What do mast cells store, secret, and synthesise

A 
Heparin 
Histamine 
ECF
ANCF
Prostaglandins
52
Q

What happens in the first allergic exposure

A

IgE bind to mass cells receptors

53
Q

What happens in the second exposure

A

Antigen binds to receptor IgE, degranulation of mast cells and release of various mediators like histamine

54
Q

ECF

A

eosinophil chemotactic factor

55
Q

SRS-A

A

slow reacting substance of anaphylactic

56
Q

NCF

A

neutrophil chemotactic factor

57
Q

primary mediators in mast cells

A 
heparin, 
histamine (chondroitin sulfate), 
neutral proteases (tryptase, chymase), 
eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF), 
slow reacting substance of anaphylactic(SRS-A), 
neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF)
58
Q

secondary mediators of mast cells

A

bradykinins,
interleukins,
tumor necrosis factor- alpha,
platelet activating factor .

59
Q

Secretion of mast cell granules can result in

A

Hypersensitivity reaction and anaphylaxis

60
Q

Hypersensitivity reaction

A

inflammatory response initiated by Mast cells high affinity cell surface receptors for Ig E,

61
Q

Explain allergies

A

First exposure macrophages take the antigen give it to B lymphocytes which make plasma cells where they make Ige that stick as receptors to mass cells. When the second exposure hits the antigen stick to mast cells causing them to secret everything.

62
Q

Where do plasma cells origin from? And what kind of cells are they

A

Activated b-lymphocytes

63
Q

What is the function of plasma cells

A

Synthesis and secretion of antibodies (immunoglobulins)

64
Q

Shape and cytoplasm of plasma cells

A

Oval

Basophilic (rich in rER) with negative golgi image (well developed golgi) and russell bodies and contains mitochondria

65
Q

Nucleus of plasma cells

A

Round and eccentric nucleus

Heterochromatin and euchromatin in a clock face appearance

66
Q

Pericytes shape

A

branched cells with flattened nuclei.

67
Q

Pericytes origin

A

undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.

68
Q

Pericytes can differentiate into

A

Fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

69
Q

Pericytes have the characters of

A

smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells.

70
Q

Function of pericytes

A

Surround endothelial cells of blood capillaries and venules and contract to let blood flow

71
Q

Where are Unilocular fat cells

A

subcutaneous tissue, around blood vessels, kidney and in peritoneum

72
Q

Shape of Unilocular fat cells

A

Large ovoid cells Contains a large single droplet, pushing the cytoplasm and nucleus against the cell membrane. Ring shape

73
Q

Function Unilocular fat cells

A

Synthesis and storage of fat

• Heat insulation

74
Q

Nucleus of Unilocular fat cells

A

eccentric and flat

75
Q

E/M of Unilocular fat cells

A

Ribosomes, rER, Mitochondria, fat droplet is not surrounded by a membrane.

76
Q

Color of multilocular fat cells

A

Brown fat

77
Q

Function of where are multinoclear fat cells found

A

Fetuses and new borns in the axilla, neck, interscapular region, around thoracic aorta

78
Q

Brown fat cells are …. (smaller/ larger) than Unilocular fat cells

A

Smaller

79
Q

Cytoplasm and nucleus of brown fat cells

A

Cytoplasm contains small fat drops and nucleus is spherical

80
Q

Mitochondria is rich in …….

A

Cytochrome oxidase enzyme

81
Q

Function of brown fat cells

A

Heat generation

82
Q

Three main types of fibers:

A

Collagen,elastic and reticular fibers

83
Q

Collagen and reticular fibers are formed of

A

protein collagen

84
Q

Elastic fibers are composed mainly of

A

protein elastin

85
Q

….. fibers are tough and provide tensile strength

A

Collagen

86
Q

….. fibers allow for stretch

A

Elastic

87
Q

…. fibers make network

A

Reticular

88
Q

most abundant protein in the human body

A

Collagen type 1

89
Q

Collagen fibers are synthesized by:

A
  • Fibroblast
  • Chondroblast in cartilage
  • Osteoblast in bone
  • Odontoblast in teeth
90
Q

3 amino acids that form collagen

A

Lysine
Proline
Hydroxyproline

91
Q

Tropocollagen

A

A triple helix that is 3 protein polypeptide

92
Q

Collagen type 3 is

A

Reticular fiber

93
Q

reticular cells are synthesized by

A

fibroblasts

94
Q

reticular are formed of

A

central core of type III collagen surrounded by glycoprotein.

95
Q

Shape of reticular fibers

A

form branching and anastomosing

96
Q

reticular fibers are stained by

A

silver and PAS.

97
Q

Function of reticular tissues

A

They forms the supportive network of parenchymatous organs e.g. lymph node, spleen and liver.

98
Q

Why are Elastic fibers yellow

A

because the color of the fibers in fresh state is yellow

99
Q

Elastic fibers are formed of two types of proteins

A

Elastin and Microfibrils protein

100
Q

Elasticity of elastic fibers

A

stretchable but regain their original length

101
Q

Shape of elastic fibers

A

thin, straight and branching

102
Q

Cytoplasm of elastic fibers

A

mildly acidophilic

103
Q

What is Ground substance

A

Colorless, transparent, gel-like materials in which cells and fibers are embedded.

104
Q

Ground substance are secreted by

A

fibroblasts

105
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Tissue fluid & Ground substance

106
Q

Ground substance consists of

A

Glycosaminoglycans:GAGs

Proteoglycan

Glycoproteins

107
Q

Glycosaminoglycans:GAGs

A

long unbranched(linear) polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit. Chondritin sulfate,keratin sulfate, heparin sulfate and hyalouronic acid.

108
Q

Glycoproteins

A

proteins that “contain” oligosaccharide chains (glycans)

109
Q

Proteoglycan

A

core of protein bound to GAGs.

110
Q

Tissue fluid is Derived from

A

blood capillaries.

111
Q

Hyalonan is found in

A

synovial fluid, vitreous humor, matrix of loose CT.

112
Q

Chondroitin is found in

A

4- & 6- sulfate: cartilage, bone, valves of the heart.

113
Q

Dermatan sulfate is found in

A

skin, blood vessels, valves.

114
Q

Keratan sulfate is found in

A

Bone, cartilage, cornea.

115
Q

Heparan sulfate is found in

A

Basal lamina, cell surface.

116
Q

Heparin

A

granules of mast cells & basophiles.

117
Q

Proteoglycans types

A

Agrecan
Decorin
Versican
Syndecan

118
Q

Agrecan is found in

A

Cartilage & bone

119
Q

Decorin is found in

A

CT, fibroblasts, cartilage & bone

120
Q

Versican is found in

A

Fibroblasts, skin, smooth muscles, brain, mesangial cells of kidney.

121
Q

Syndecan is found in

A

Embryonic epithelia, lymphocytes mesenchymal cells, plasma cells.

Histology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions