Intro

Question 1

About 2/3 of all organisms are animals. Most successful kingdom of organism.

Answer 1

Their diversity may be due to the coevolution of predator-prey relationships. Animals had to evolve to be successful predators as well as evolve mechanism to avoid being prey of other animals.

Question 2

What characteristics define an animal?

Answer 2

• Eukaryotic
• Multicellular
• Ingestive Heterotroph
• Lack cell walls
• Sexual reproduction
• Diploid, except for gametes
• Excitable (nervous & muscular) tissue

Question 3

How did the animal kingdom evolve?

Answer 3

• Oldest fossils are 700 million years old

Animals probably evolved from an ancestor of a colonial choanoflagellate
protist

Question 4

Major trends

Question 5

Hierarchy of Structural Organization

Answer 5

Question 6

Epithelial tissue

Answer 6

Covers the internal and external body surfaces. Classified based on the number of cell layers and the shape of the cells

Question 7

Connective tissue

Answer 7

Functions in supporting and protecting the body and its organs, in transporting materials within the body, and in storing energy.

Question 8

Question 9

Fibrous connective tissue: collagen and elastin

Answer 9

ligaments link bone to bone

Question 10

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Muscle tissue

Answer 13

Question 14

Nerve tissue

Answer 14

Question 15

Surface area and volume…

Question 16

Question 17

Adaptations to increase surface area

Question 18

homeostasis

Answer 18

• maintaining the internal animal environment at a steady state is vital
• Negative feedback commonly helps maintain homeostasis

Question 19

Negative Feedback Loop

Answer 19

• The response occurs in the direction opposite of that of the original deviation.
• A negative feedback loop produces a response that counteracts the condition that triggers the response.

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

Thermoregulation in animals

Answer 21

Question 22

Counter current mechanisms save heat

Answer 22