Intro Flashcards
Ortho Hx in general
Pain Locking / Catching Instability / Dysfunction "Give way" Traumatic / Atraumatic Fever, Chills, Weight Loss Hx of ca, rheumatologic d/o, infection Handedness
Ortho Physical Exam
Inspection Palpation ROM Special tests Muscle strength Nerve Roots
Inspection
Swelling Erythema Ecchymosis Symmetry / length (compare side to side) Joint deformity Atrophy Scars Standing posture Gait
Palpation
Swelling / effusion Crepitus Tenderness Masses Fluctuance Temperature changes
Special Test
specific for each joint
Muscle Strength - Oxford Scale
0 - No contraction
1 - Visible / palpable muscle contraction but no movement
2 - Movement with gravity eliminated
3 - Movement against gravity only
4 - Movement against gravity with some resistance
5 - Movement against gravity with full resistance
Imaging - examples
Standard radiographs
MRI
PET
CT
Standard radiographs
Common
Assess for arthritis, fx, dislocations and others
Some soft tissue findings
MRI
soft tissue - internal derangement; herniated disc; occult fx
MRI athrogram
further evaluation of joints
PET
Tumors
Ca
CT
Bony detail
Esp. fx
Special Test - Examples
Arthrocentesis
NCS
Labs
Arthrocentesis
Remove fluid from joint for evaluation
ie - infection; gout
NCS
Done for numbness or other neurological concerns
Gives a rough location of neurological deficit
ie CTS, ulnar neuropathy