Intro

Question 1

Essential Nutrients:

Answer 1

Chemicals required for metabolism, but cannot be synthesized or cannot be synthesized rapidly enough to meet needs of an animal/ human for one ore more physiological functions
Nutrients are essential if
○ Removing nutrient causes a deficiency and decline in health
○ Putting nutrient back into diet corrects problem, health returns

Question 2

Nutritional Deficiency:

Answer 2

• Occurs when a person’s nutrient intake consistently falls below the recommended requirement
Deficiency in key stages in life can have long lasting or irreversible effects

Question 3

Iron, Folate, or Vitamin B12 Deficiency:

Answer 3

• Can cause anaemia
• Not enough red blood cells to transport oxygen around body
Important during key stages of development (infancy, pregnancy)

Question 4

Thiamine (Vitamin B1) Deficiency:

Answer 4

• Causes Beriberi
• Defective energy production
Abnormalities in nervous system

Question 5

Vitamin C Deficiency:

Answer 5

• Causes scurvy
  
  • Defective collagen production
  • Causes haemorrhaging, bleeding of gums

Question 6

Minnesota Starvation Experiment:

Answer 6

• Studied physical and mental effects of starvation in 36 healthy men
• 3 months at 3200 cal/ day
• 6 months at 1800 cal/ day
• 3 months rehabilitation
Resulted in weight loss, irritability, dizziness, tiredness, hair loss, reduced sex drive, depression…etc

Question 7

Characteristics of a Nutritious Diet:

Answer 7

• Adequate
○ A diet that provides enough calories, essential nutrients, and fibre to keep you healthy
• Moderate
○ Ensuring you don’t consume excessive calories, or eat more of one food or food group than recommended
• Balanced
○ Ensuring you eat nutrient dense foods, rather than nutrient poor foods
• Varied
Eating a wide selection of foods to get the necessary nutrients

Question 8

Functions of Water

Answer 8

○ Solvent in biochemical reactions
		○ Catabolism (hydrolysis)
		○ Maintains vascular volume
		○ Nutrient transport
Temperature regulation

Question 9

Water Toxicity

Answer 9

○ Causes hyponatremia (water/ sodium imbalance)

Can occur from excessive fluid intake, under replacement of sodium, or both

Question 10

Estimating Nutrient Requirements

Answer 10

• Deficiency- prevention of disease
• Nutritional Requirement- ensuring optimal health
Deficiency =/= Nutritional requirement

Diagram