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Microbiology > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Microbiology is the study of:

A

Bacteria–Bacteriology
Viruses–virology
Parasites–Parasitology
Fungi–mycology

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2
Q

Pathogenic

A

is disease producing

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3
Q

What did Hooke discover?

A

He discovered the cell, and cell theory

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4
Q

Van Leeuwenhoek discovered what?

A

Bacteria and called them animalcules

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5
Q

Pasteur disproved what theory?

A

He disproved he theory of spontaneous generation

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6
Q

What is the theory of spontaneous generation?

A

living things are derived from inanimate objects

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7
Q

How did Pasteur disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?

A

He experimented using the swan necked flasks or the u tubes. In the swan neck flasks there was lots of media and bacteria growth, but in the U tubes there was no growth because bacteria got stuck in the U.

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8
Q

What is Media? What is it made up?

A

Media is a material that organisms can utilize to grow on and in. Media is made up of water, sugars, proteins and fats.

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9
Q

Define Proof of Biogenesis. Who is known for this?

A

Living cells arise only from pre-existing cells. Pasteur.

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10
Q

Pasteur is also known for his work in pasteurization and fermentation. Explain the difference between the two.

A

Pasterization is a fast heating and a fast cooling, it doesn’t kill all bacteria but puts them in a foggy state where they cannot reproduce. Fermentation eats sugar and creates waste products (i.e. when milk is left out and soiled the sour taste is the bacteria’s waste)

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11
Q

What type of waste does a bacteria produce when it eats a sugar?

A

The waste product of a bacteria when it eats a sugar is an acid.

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12
Q

Immunology fathered by Jenner is how we…..?

A

fight infection

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13
Q

Jenner discovered what vaccine?

A

Smallpox.

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14
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

a preparation of a weakened microorganisms that produce immunity.

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15
Q

Joseph Lister

A

Founded aseptic surgery.

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16
Q

Alexander Fleming founded what

A

Founded a mold-Penicillium notatum, which produces a waste product that prevents bacteria from growing called it penicillin.

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17
Q

Paul Ehrlich

A

Found and studied antibodies in immunity. He worked with syphilis.

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18
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Treating a disease by chemical substances

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19
Q

Culture

A

organisms growing on and in media

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20
Q

Define the two types of culture.

A

Pure Culture: when only one organism is growing on the media
Mixed culture: when two or more organisms are growing together.

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21
Q

What is Agar?

A

A complex sugar used as a solidifying agent in culture media.

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22
Q

Koch’s prostulates

A

A certain criteria for establishing that a certain organism causes a specific disease.

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23
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

The organism that causes T.B.

24
Q

Koch discovered the Germ theory, which is a

A

A specific microorganism causes a specific disease.

25
Q

Taxonomy

A

The classification and naming of organisms

26
Q

Monera

A

Contains bacteria and blue-green algae

27
Q

Protista

A

Contains slime molds and other algae

28
Q

Fungi

A

contains yeast and molds

29
Q

What are the five kingdoms of microorganisms

A 
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plant
Animal
30
Q

Name the two kinds of cells

A

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic

31
Q

Name the characteristics of a Eukaryotic cell

A

Human cells, animal, fungi. They have DNA in a nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane, and organelles such as mitochondria.

32
Q

Name the characteristics of a Procaryotic cell

A 
These are bacteria cells. 
DNA not membrane bound 
No nuclear membrane 
No organelles 
Cell wall
flagella
33
Q

Bacteria are ________ cells, simple cells.

A

Procaryotic

34
Q

All bacteria have cell ___________ + ___________ .

A

wall + membrane

35
Q

Bacteria cells divide by _________ fission.

A

binary

36
Q

Cell respiration occurs in the…

A

Cell membrane

37
Q

Fungi are ___________.

A

Eukaryotic

38
Q

Require organic material for growth (lipids, proteins, fats)

A

Fungi

39
Q

These do not use sunlight or CO2

A

Fungi

40
Q

These are not classified as a plant.

A

Fungi

41
Q

These are unicellular or multicellular

A

Fungi

42
Q

Fungi have ______ _____ .

A

Cell Walls

43
Q

Fungi produce _________ or __________ .

A

Asexually or Sexually

44
Q

Protozoans are ________ + __________ .

A

Parasites + Eukariotic

45
Q

These are unicellular and have a complex structure (i.e. flagella, cilia)

A

Protozoans

46
Q

Protozoans are classifies by…

A

Locomotion

47
Q

Protozoans do not have cell ______.

A

Walls

48
Q

Protozoans reproduce ________ or _______ .

A

Asexually or Sexually

49
Q

These are not composed of cells

A

Viruses

50
Q

These contain DNA or RNA; NEVER BOTH.

A

Viruses

51
Q

Viruses have a ______ _______ .

A

Protein coat

52
Q

These do not metabolize nutrients to carry out chemical reactions.

A

Viruses

53
Q

Viruses cannot _______ themselves.

A

Reproduce.

54
Q

Viruses need a ______ ______ to reproduce.

A

Living Cell

55
Q

Benefits of fungi + molds?

A

texture and flavor of cheese

Microbiology (4 decks)

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