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Pathophysiology Quiz 1 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Study of changes in bodily structure and function that occur as a result of disease

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2
Q

Etiology

A

Cause of the injury (disease)

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3
Q

Pathogenesis

A

natural history and development of the disease

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4
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The manner in which the incorrect function is expressed

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5
Q

Lesion

A

Structural abnormality produced by the injury

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6
Q

Idiopathic

A

The cause of the disease is unknown

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7
Q

Iatrogenic

A

The disease is a byproduct of medical diagnosis of treatment

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8
Q

Clinical pathology

A

Study of the functional aspects of the disease by lab study of tissue, blood, urine, or other body fluids

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9
Q

Ischemia

A

Decrease of blood to a tissue; can be local or caused by a thrombus or embolus or global due to a low perfusion pressure

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10
Q

Hypoxia

A

Lack of oxygen to a tissue from any cause

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11
Q

Hypoxemia

A

low arterial oxygen supply

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12
Q

Disease

A

An unhealthy state caused by the effects of injury

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13
Q

Acute disease

A

Arises rapidly, is accompanied by distinctive symptoms, and lasts a short time

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14
Q

Chronic disease

A

Usually begins slowly, with signs and symptoms that are difficult to interpret, persists for a long time, and generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medication

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15
Q

Symptoms

A

Complaints reported by the patient or by someone else on behalf of the patient and are part of the medical history

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16
Q

Signs

A

Direct observations by an examiner

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17
Q

Syndrome

A

A collection of clinical signs, symptoms, and data. May be caused by different diseases (CHF for example)

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18
Q

Sickness vs. Health

A

Sickness (disease) and health (wellness) refer to the actual presence or absence of disease and DO NOT refer to symptoms, signs, labs, x-rays, or scientific studies

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19
Q

Normal vs. Abnormal

A

Applied to observations
Range with an upper and lower limit
Describe the results of measurement or observations used to determine whether disease is present

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20
Q

Test Terminology

A 
Positive= abnormal
Negative= normal
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21
Q

True Positive

A

Test of someone who has the disease and the test is positive

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22
Q

False positive

A

Test that shows positive but the patient does not have the disease

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23
Q

True negative

A

Test of someone who does not have the disease and the test is negative

24
Q

False negative

A

Refers to a test that shows negative but the patient does have the disease

25
Q

Diagnosis and Treatment?

A

Treat the person, not the test!

26
Q

Apoptosis

A

Planned cell death, a programmed commitment to die

27
Q

Necrosis

A

Cell death cause by disease; 6 types

28
Q

How cells are injured:

A
  • inadequate oxygen
  • direct physical action
  • Ionizing radiation
  • Toxic molecular injury
  • Microbes
  • inflammatory and immune reactions
  • nutritional imbalance
  • genetic defects
  • aging
29
Q

Mild cell injury results in:

A
  • hydronic change
  • intravenous are accumulations
  • atrophy
  • hyper trophy
  • hyperplasia
  • dysplasia
  • metaplasia
30
Q

Vacuole Degeneration

A

Formation of nonlipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm due to accumulation of water from cloudy swelling. Swelling of cells

31
Q

Coagulative Necrosis

A

Most common type, gel-like change in blocks of freshly dead cells mostly caused by ischemia

32
Q

Gangrenous necrosis

A

Seems when the entire limb loses blood supply; skin looks black; wet when bacterial infection is superimposed and dry when only blood loss is the cause

33
Q

Liquefaction necrosis

A

The dead tissue dissolves into fluid. Pus appears–bacterial or fungal infections are the cause

34
Q

Fat Necrosis

A

Seen in acute pancreatitis, see outlines of dead fat cells

35
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

Caused by TB infection, the tissue is off-white, soft, pasty and clump

36
Q

Fibrin oil necrosis

A

Seen in immune reactions in vessels. Fibrin like substance deposited in vessel walls

37
Q

Body structure and function in disease?

A

Signs, symptoms, syndromes

38
Q

Mitochondria?

A

Produce energy necessary for metabolic processes

39
Q

Most common causes of cell injury?

A
  1. Hypoxia

2. Ischemia

40
Q

Causes of cell atrophy?

A 
Reduced functional demand
Inadequate blood supply
Lack of hormonal or neural support
Chronic injury
Cell aging
41
Q

Screening

A

Determining need to further examination or consultation by a PT for referral to another HCP
-based on problem-focused systematic collection and analysis of data

42
Q

Consultation

A

Rendering of a professional or expert opinion or advice by a PT

43
Q

Why Pathophysiology

A
  • direct access
  • PT need to be more familiar with diseases
  • comorbidities
  • atypical and associated signs and symptoms
44
Q

Red Flags

A

Symptoms or symptoms that require immediate attention

45
Q

Yellow Flags

A

Symptom or symptoms that are cautionary and cause you to think about a more specific screening or referral

46
Q

Normal Pulse Rate

A

60-100bpm

47
Q

Normal Respiration Rate

A

12-20 breaths/min

48
Q

Normal BP

A

120/80

49
Q

Normal Temperature

A

Between 96.8 and 99.5 degrees F

50
Q

Normal Pulse Oximetry

A

About 97-98% (below 90%=Red Flag!)

51
Q

Closed-Ended Questions

A

One word answers- yes or no

52
Q

Open-Ended Questions

A

Allows patients to elaborate on details surrounding primary concerns

53
Q

Funnel Sequence Questions

A

Moving from open-ended to closed-ended questions

54
Q

Paraphrasing Technique

A

Synthesize and integrate obtained info. And repeat info back to patient

55
Q

Initial Visit

A
  • Asses why patient is coming to PT
  • Summarize beyond the initial visit
  • Discuss D/C plans
  • Discuss the patient’s role in the process
  • Lay the ground rules
  • Start your observation the second you see the patient

Pathophysiology Quiz 1 (4 decks)

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