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Pathophysiology Quiz 1 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Study of changes in bodily structure and function that occur as a result of disease

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2
Q

Etiology

A

Cause of the injury (disease)

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3
Q

Pathogenesis

A

natural history and development of the disease

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4
Q

Pathophysiology

A

The manner in which the incorrect function is expressed

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5
Q

Lesion

A

Structural abnormality produced by the injury

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6
Q

Idiopathic

A

The cause of the disease is unknown

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7
Q

Iatrogenic

A

The disease is a byproduct of medical diagnosis of treatment

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8
Q

Clinical pathology

A

Study of the functional aspects of the disease by lab study of tissue, blood, urine, or other body fluids

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9
Q

Ischemia

A

Decrease of blood to a tissue; can be local or caused by a thrombus or embolus or global due to a low perfusion pressure

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10
Q

Hypoxia

A

Lack of oxygen to a tissue from any cause

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11
Q

Hypoxemia

A

low arterial oxygen supply

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12
Q

Disease

A

An unhealthy state caused by the effects of injury

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13
Q

Acute disease

A

Arises rapidly, is accompanied by distinctive symptoms, and lasts a short time

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14
Q

Chronic disease

A

Usually begins slowly, with signs and symptoms that are difficult to interpret, persists for a long time, and generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medication

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15
Q

Symptoms

A

Complaints reported by the patient or by someone else on behalf of the patient and are part of the medical history

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16
Q

Signs

A

Direct observations by an examiner

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17
Q

Syndrome

A

A collection of clinical signs, symptoms, and data. May be caused by different diseases (CHF for example)

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18
Q

Sickness vs. Health

A

Sickness (disease) and health (wellness) refer to the actual presence or absence of disease and DO NOT refer to symptoms, signs, labs, x-rays, or scientific studies

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19
Q

Normal vs. Abnormal

A

Applied to observations
Range with an upper and lower limit
Describe the results of measurement or observations used to determine whether disease is present

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20
Q

Test Terminology

A 
Positive= abnormal
Negative= normal
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21
Q

True Positive

A

Test of someone who has the disease and the test is positive

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22
Q

False positive

A

Test that shows positive but the patient does not have the disease

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23
Q

True negative

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A

Test of someone who does not have the disease and the test is negative

24
Q

False negative

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A

Refers to a test that shows negative but the patient does have the disease

25
Diagnosis and Treatment?
Treat the person, not the test!
26
Apoptosis
Planned cell death, a programmed commitment to die
27
Necrosis
Cell death cause by disease; 6 types
28
How cells are injured:
- inadequate oxygen - direct physical action - Ionizing radiation - Toxic molecular injury - Microbes - inflammatory and immune reactions - nutritional imbalance - genetic defects - aging
29
Mild cell injury results in:
- hydronic change - intravenous are accumulations - atrophy - hyper trophy - hyperplasia - dysplasia - metaplasia
30
Vacuole Degeneration
Formation of nonlipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm due to accumulation of water from cloudy swelling. Swelling of cells
31
Coagulative Necrosis
Most common type, gel-like change in blocks of freshly dead cells mostly caused by ischemia
32
Gangrenous necrosis
Seems when the entire limb loses blood supply; skin looks black; wet when bacterial infection is superimposed and dry when only blood loss is the cause
33
Liquefaction necrosis
The dead tissue dissolves into fluid. Pus appears--bacterial or fungal infections are the cause
34
Fat Necrosis
Seen in acute pancreatitis, see outlines of dead fat cells
35
Caseous necrosis
Caused by TB infection, the tissue is off-white, soft, pasty and clump
36
Fibrin oil necrosis
Seen in immune reactions in vessels. Fibrin like substance deposited in vessel walls
37
Body structure and function in disease?
Signs, symptoms, syndromes
38
Mitochondria?
Produce energy necessary for metabolic processes
39
Most common causes of cell injury?
1. Hypoxia | 2. Ischemia
40
Causes of cell atrophy?
``` Reduced functional demand Inadequate blood supply Lack of hormonal or neural support Chronic injury Cell aging ```
41
Screening
Determining need to further examination or consultation by a PT for referral to another HCP -based on problem-focused systematic collection and analysis of data
42
Consultation
Rendering of a professional or expert opinion or advice by a PT
43
Why Pathophysiology
- direct access - PT need to be more familiar with diseases - comorbidities - atypical and associated signs and symptoms
44
Red Flags
Symptoms or symptoms that require immediate attention
45
Yellow Flags
Symptom or symptoms that are cautionary and cause you to think about a more specific screening or referral
46
Normal Pulse Rate
60-100bpm
47
Normal Respiration Rate
12-20 breaths/min
48
Normal BP
120/80
49
Normal Temperature
Between 96.8 and 99.5 degrees F
50
Normal Pulse Oximetry
About 97-98% (below 90%=Red Flag!)
51
Closed-Ended Questions
One word answers- yes or no
52
Open-Ended Questions
Allows patients to elaborate on details surrounding primary concerns
53
Funnel Sequence Questions
Moving from open-ended to closed-ended questions
54
Paraphrasing Technique
Synthesize and integrate obtained info. And repeat info back to patient
55
Initial Visit
- Asses why patient is coming to PT - Summarize beyond the initial visit - Discuss D/C plans - Discuss the patient's role in the process - Lay the ground rules - Start your observation the second you see the patient

Pathophysiology Quiz 1 (4 decks)

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