Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

825 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

according to a recent study, about how many people get less than 3000 steps per day

A

16%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the current lowest percent of obesity in a state and the highest?

A

20-24%

>35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the functional requirements for community living? (5)

A
  • perform/tolerate postural transitions
  • ambulate >= 150’
  • ambulate at a rate of 1.3m/s+
  • carry 6.7 lbs
  • accommodate various environments, obstacles, surfaces, terrains, and slopes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the predictors of successful aging? (7)

A
  • physical function (ADL’s)
  • presence of comorbidities
  • smoking status
  • global cognitive scale
  • systolic BP
  • depression
  • personality traits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Def: Metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a living organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Def: Bioenergetics

A

the transfer and utilization of energy in biological systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Laws of Thermodynamics

A

1) Energy is neither created or destroyed

2) All processes move from an ordered to disordered state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the application of law of thermo #1

A

Energy (food) = Energy out (work) + energy out (heat) +- energy stored (fat)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the application of the law of thermo #2?

A

randomness increases
60-70% energy lost as heat
remaining energy used for mus activity and cellular processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Gibbs Free Energy

A
  • chemical rxns spontaneously proceed in an energy favorable direction (G
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gibbs free energy of most biological systems

A

unfavorable, G>0

how ATP transfers energy from energy yielding catabolic processes to energy requiring rxns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is mostly used at rest for energy

A

fat and carbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Facts of Carbs

A

readily available and easily metabolized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pathway of Carbs

A

ingested -> converted to glucose -> taken up by liver and muscles -> converted to glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where is glycogen stored

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glycogen Advantages (5)

A
  • higher energy yield per liter O2 (5.1kcal/LO2)
  • anaerobic and aerobic
  • rapid pathway
  • stores can be greatly increased by training and diet
  • can provide sole energy during heavy exercise
17
Q

Glycogen Disadvantages (3)

A
  • stored in relatively small amounts, w/ H20
  • anaerobic - lactate accumulation
  • muscle cells are dependent on internal glycogen stores => once depleted, mod intensity cant continue
18
Q

Fat energy

A

provides substantial energy during prolonged, low intensities
larger reserves

19
Q

how is fat stored

A

stored glycerol and free fatty acids, which less accessible for use from atp
only FFAs used to form ATP
most fatty acids that are important for human energy during exercise have 12-18 carbons
intramuscular triglycerides 100-240 mmol/kg body weight

20
Q

Fat Advantage (3)

A
  • greatest value for fuel (9.3kcal/g)
  • can be stored in large amounts
  • stable energy source that can be mobilized for use during exercise
21
Q

Fat Disadvantage (5)

A
  • total caloric value of intramuscular lipid is small compared to glycogen
  • only aerobic
  • oxidation yields less energy/liter of O2 consumed (4.62kcal)
  • majority fat is stored outside of mus tissue
  • cannot serve as sole energy source
22
Q

Carbs vs Fat

A

1g carb => 17KJ/4kcal energy

1g fat => 37KJ/9kcal energy

23
Q

for every 1 g of glycogen, how much H2O is stored

A

2.7g

24
Q

Protein

A

energy by glucogenesis (in liver)

  • can generate FFAs in times of starvation through lipogenesis
  • only basic proteins (amino acids) can be used for energy, nitrogen cannot be oxidized
  • ~20% human body is protein => potential energy of 52000kcals
25
Q

Theoretical Time to Exhaustion

for every 1 g O2 consumed, how much energy burned

A

5kcal energy burned

26
Q

Theoretical Time to Exhaustion

Carbs

A

TOTAL = 10MJ of energy
(Mus: 500g - 8.4MJ - 2000kcal)
(Liver: 100g - 1.7MJ - 400kcal)

27
Q

how long can carbs sustain energy output at 3.0L/min (70% VO2max)?

A

2-2.5 hours

28
Q

Theoretical Time to Exhaustion

Fat

A

TOTAL = 308MJ of energy
(Mus: 500g - 8.4MJ - 2000kcal)
(Adipose: 200g - 7.5MJ - 1800kcal)

29
Q

how long can fats sustain energy output at 3.0L/min (70% VO2max)?

A

3-5 days

30
Q

Theoretical Time to Exhaustion

Protein

A

TOTAL = 234MJ of energy

Mus: 14kg - 234MJ - 52000kcal

31
Q

how long can proteins sustain energy output at 3.0L/min (70% VO2max)?

A

2.5 days

825 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions