Intro

Question 1

po

Answer 1

oral, absorbtion is in the intestine. Gut villi increase SA. Gastric emptying and gut motility are things to consider with PO drugs. 
many forms:
 tablets
capsules
films
liquids
lozenges

Question 2

CR SR ER

Answer 2

controlled release, extended release and slow release po medications
most appropriate for drugs with a short half life
increases compliance bc less dosing, but more expensive and can have capsule failure/ dumping

Question 3

sublingual

Answer 3

avoid first pass metabolism

quick absorption

Question 4

transdermal

Answer 4

skin patch
lipophilicity and increased surface area can increase success. Drugs on an oily base are easier absorbed and damaged skin absorbs more quickly.
intended for drugs that want systemic effects

Question 5

pr

Answer 5

rectal
less first pass and no 3A4 interference like you get in the upper GI. absorbtion may be irregular and sometimes incomplete. allows for a more local delivery of drug, at times

Question 6

IV

Answer 6

parenteral, intravenous

100% bioavailable. not usually good for self administration

Question 7

SQ

Answer 7

parenteral
subcutaneous
consistent drug delivery, drug must penetrate capillary walls
can play with the rate of absorption by altering the consistency of the drug

Question 8

IM

Answer 8

parenteral
intramuscluar, the arm is better than the buttocks, but be sure to always check manufacturer guidelines
based off of 70kg male so adjustments need to be made for deviants.

Question 9

intra-arterial

Answer 9

parenteral
very rare
sometimes for chemo

Question 10

intrathecal

Answer 10

parenteral
gets drug directly to CNS
some antibiotics, chemotherapy and pain control

Question 11

Pulmonary drug delivery

Answer 11

large surface area, so good and fast absorption
no first pass
good for local effects

Question 12

topical drug delivery

Answer 12

for mucous membranes, like eyes, nose, vulva, etc

good for localized effects

Question 13

things to consider when choosing a drug

Answer 13

1. efficacy (local or systemic) (health of the patient)
2. side effects
3. compliance
4. cost

Question 14

pharmacodynamics

Answer 14

what drugs do to the body (what happens to the body)

Question 15

pharmakokinetics

Answer 15

what the body does to drugs (what happens to the drug)

Question 16

toxicology

Answer 16

negative effects of chemicals on living systems