Intro

Question 1

What do flow volume loops look like?

Answer 1

obstructive (asthma) - scooped out, decreased slope
restrictive (pleural effusion) - decreased FVC, normal/increased
upper airway obst - plateau
fixed obst - decreased insp/exp
in chest - decreased peak inspiratory flow

Question 2

Pulmonary function tests in restrictive and obstructive disease

Answer 2

Obstructive - FEV/FVC < 70%, ^ TLC and RV

Restrictive - FEV/FVC > 75%, _ TLC/RV

Question 3

Examples of Obstructive and Restrictive Lung disease

Answer 3

Obstructive - asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, upper airway obstruction

Restrictive - chest wall, interstial disease, NMD, obesity, pain, pleural effusion

Question 4

Difference between hypoxemia and hypoxia

Answer 4

Hypoxemia - low oxygen in your blood

Hypoxia - low oxygen in your tissues

Question 5

Causes of hypoxemia

Question 6

Causes of pure hypoventilation

Answer 6

CNS depression - drug overdose, structural CNS lesions, ischemic CNS lesions that impact the respiratory center

Obesity hypoventilation

Impaired neural conduction - amytrophic lateral sclerosis, GB syndrome, high cervical spine injury, phrenic nerve paralysis aminoglycoside blockade

Muscular weakness - myasthenia gravis, idiopathic diaphragmatic paralysis, polymyositis, muscular dystrophy, severe hypothyroidism

Poor chest wall elasticity - flail chest, kyphoscoliosis