Intro Flashcards
Learn Nasal and oral cavity
What is the posterioranterior stretch of the scalp
It extends from the external occipital protuberance & the supra nuchal line to the supra orbital margin
What is the lateral stretch of he scalp
The temples
What are the layers of the scalp
Skin
Connective Tissue(Dense)
Aponeurosis
Loose Areolar Region
Periosteum
What is the danger Area of the face
The danger triangle or the triangle of death
What makes the death triangle a danger area
The facial veins in this area connect directly to the cavernous sinus
This may cause movement of infections the brain
What is the danger area of the scalp
The loose Areolar Region
What makes the loose areolar region the Danger area of the scalp
Because it contains Emissary veins through which infections can pass from the loose connective tissue into the cranial cavity
Find all the meeting places of the internal and external carotid
The internal and external carotid anastomose on the scalp giving it rich blood supply
where do the occipital nerves come from, greater lesser and third
Greater Occipital nerve originates from the dorsal rami of C2
Lesser Occipital Nerve originates from the ventral rami of C2 and sometimes C3 due to the cervical plexus
The third Occipital Nerve originates from the dorsal rami of C3
What are the parts of the skull
The neurocranium and viscerocranium
How many bones make up the skull
Including the 6 ear ossicles , 28 bones
What is the weakest part of the skull
The Pterion
What is the other name of cranial nerve II and what is its function
The Optic nerve, Responsible for vision
What bones forms the pterion
The Parietal
the Frontal
The squamous part of the temporal bone
and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
What blood vessels are related to the pterion
The middle meningeal vessels
Fracture of the pterion has an intracranial affect, it lacerates blood vessels, What blood vessel does it lacerate
Lacerates the Anterior branch of the middle meningeal vessels
What does bleeding from the Middle Meningeal vessels results in
Extradural/Epidural Haemorrhage
What cranial nerve innervates nose and is for smell
Cranial Nerve I - The olfactory Nerve
What is a Cephalhematoma
A cephalhematoma is when there is a collection of blood below the periosteum
What is Capit Succedaneum
It is an edema below the skin of the scalp
What is the orbitomeatal plane
It is the plane the inferior margin of the orbit and the superior margin of the external acoustic meatus lie
What is the other name of the orbitomeatal plane
Frankfurt Plane
What are Emissary Veins
Theyre valveless
veins which drain the external veins of the skull into the dural sinus
What is the name of the spongy bone between the inner and outer compact bone of the skull
Diploe
What is a fontanelle
A soft membranous gap between cranian bones in an infants skull
What is the function of the fontanelle
it allows for brain growth and flexibilty during birth
What are the three layers of the deep cervical fascia
Investing layer
Pretracheal layer
Prevertebral layer
Between the Anterior and posterior Fontanelle
which fuses first and what is the timeline
The Posterior fontanelle( is the first to close(6-8 weeks),
the Anterior fontanelle is the last to close(18-24 months )
What is the Lacrimal apparatus
It is a system of structures responsible for the production, distribution amd collection of tears
What structure drains tears from the lacrimal duct, and where does it drain into
The Nasolacrimal sac and it drains into the inferior nasal meatus
Explain why excessive tears can cause runny nose
The nasolacrimal duct carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the inferior nasal meatus , excessive tears can then lead to a runny nose since there would be a lot of tears in the inferior nasal meatus
Which structures in the head and neck can you not find lympatics
The brain and the Cornea
What is Lymphatic aggregation
The accumulation of white blood cells at a point in a lymphatic duct
What is the Waldeyers Ring
A ring of lymphoid tissuse located at the entrance of the pharynx
What cranial nerves are responsible for taste and what part of the tongue
The Chorda Typani Branch of the Facial Nerve - Anterior 2/3rds
Glosspharyngeal Nerve - Posterior 1/3rds of the tongue
VAgus Nerve - base of the tongue
What structures make up the Waldeyers ring
Palantine tonsils
Lingual tonsils
tubal Tonsils
Pharyngeal Tonsils
What is the pathway of vision transmision
Retina
Optic nerve
Thalamus
Visual cortex
I.E . ROT V
What cranial nerve is responsible for motor of the muscles to the eye
Cranial Nerve III, Oculomotor
What is the name of Cranial Nerve V
trigeminal
What are the three parts of the trigeminal
V1 - Opthalmic
V2 - Maxillary
V3 - Mandibular
Which Cranial Nerve supplies all the exocrine Glands in the head and neck and whats the exception
Cranial Nerve VII : Facial nerve
And the exception is the Parotid Gland
Which Cranial Nerve is the Vagus nerve
Cranial Nerve X
What is the function of the ciliaris muscle
Responsible for relaxing of the lens
What cranial nerve is respomsible for innervation of part of the external Ear
Cranial Nerve VII - Facial Nerve
Facial muscles of expression innervated by what cranial nerve
Cranial Nerve VII
What are the branches of the Facial Nerve
Temporal
Zygomatic
Buccal
Mandibular
Cervical
Learn the anatomy of the thyroid gland + parathyroid
What cranial nerve is respomsible for hearing and balance
Cranial Nerve VIII : Vestibulo-Cochlea
What is the name and function of Cranial Nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal Nerve IX
Innevrates the Parotid Gland
Taste for the Posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
General Sensation for the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
What is the function of Cranial Nerve X
Parasympathetic innervation From neck to the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon
Pharyngeal and Larungeal Muscles
Taste to part of the root of the tongur
And Part of the External Auditory Meatus
What is the name and function for Cranial Nerve XI
Supplies the sterncleidomastoid and the trapezius
Supplies the palatoglossus muscle and some larynx and pharynx muscles
What muscles does the Hypoglossal nerve inervate and which cranial nerve is it
It innervates all the tongue muscles except the palato-glossus
Cranial nerve XII
Which tracheal rings are related to the isthmus of the thyroid gland
Second And Third Tracheal rings
What is the name and function of cranial nerve IV
TRochlear nerve
It innervates the superior oblique muscle helping to look down
What does a damage to the trochlear nerve cause
It causes double vision
Focussing Difficulty
Head Movement to Accomodate Defect
Medical term given to the Loss of sense of smell name
Anosmia
Which cranial nerves are purely sensory
Cranial Nerve II- Optic nerve
Cranial Nerve I- Olfactory Nerve
Cranial Nerve VIII- Vestibucochlea nerve
medical term for tunnel vision
Peripheral vision loss
Cause of tunnel vision related to the nerves
Caused by damage to the optic nerve
SO4 LR6 oculomotor
Dense and partial ptosis and cause
Ptosis is when one eyelid is drooping and is caused by damage to the oculomotor nerve
Learn all the branches of the mandilar part of the trigeminal nerve
Buccal Nerve
Masseteric , finish later
Which Cranial Nerve supplies all the exocrine Glands and whats the exception
Cranial Nerve VII : Facial nerve
And the exception is the Parotid Gland
What is bells palsy
A weakness or paralysis of fascial muscle at one side of the face
