intro

Question 1

socrates

Answer 1

• 469 to 399 bce
• location = athens
  key contributions =
  > dev.ed socratic method ; elenchus which is a form of cooperative argumentative dialogue to stimulate critical thinking and illuminate ideas
  > emphasized nb of ethics and virtue

Question 2

plato

Answer 2

• 428 to 348 bce
• location = athens
• key contributions =
  > founded academy in athens [ one of the earliest inst. of higher learning]
  > developed the theory of forms or ideas [ non-material abstact forms represent most accurate reality
  > authored philosophical works like ‘the republic’ [ which discusses justice, the ideal state, and the philosopher-king]

Question 3

aristotle

Answer 3

• 384 to 322 bce
• location = stagira in northern greece; most of life in athens
• key contributions =
  > studied at academy for 20 yrs +/-
  > founded the lyceum in athens
  > developed comprehensive systems of logic, metaphysics, ethics, politics, biology and literary theory
  > emphasised emphirical observation and the golden mean[ the desirable middle between two extremes]

Question 4

what is philosophy

Answer 4

• the study of fundamental nature of knowledge, reality and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline

Question 5

branches of philosophy

Answer 5

• metaphysics: Study of existence and reality.
• epistemology: Study of knowledge and belief.
• ethics: Study of moral values and rules.
• logic: Study of reasoning and argument.
• aesthetics: Study of beauty and art.

Question 6

isocrates

Answer 6

• ancient greek rhetorician, known for his contribution to rhetoric and education
• focused on prac education and power of speech to influence

Question 7

socrates

Answer 7

• focused on ethical phil and pursuit of virtue through questioning and dialogue
• criticised rhetoric as merely persuasive means with no concern for the truth

Question 8

rhethoric

Answer 8

• the art of persuasion ; often using emotions appeal and stylistic techniques
• assoc w/isocrates and the sophists

Question 9

philosophy

Answer 9

• the pursuit of truth through logical argument and critical thinking
• associated with socrates, plato and aristotle

Question 10

elenchus

Answer 10

• definition = a method of questioning to test consistency and validity of ones belief, often leading to aphoria
• purpose = stimulate critical thinking and uncover underlying assumptions

Question 11

aphoria

Answer 11

• definition = a state of puzzlement or doubt, often resulting from socratic method of questioning
• significance = encourages deeper reflection and search for true knowledge

Question 12

virtue

Answer 12

• definition = moral excellence and righteousness; an essential quality for a well- lived life
• socrates take = believed knowledge is a virtue and true knowledge leads to right action
• aristotle = defined virtue as the means between two extremes (golden mean)

Question 13

piety

Answer 13

• definition : reverence and devotion to the gods; a key virtue in ancient greek philosophy
• socrates : explore nature of piety through dialogues like ‘euthyphro’