Intro Flashcards
Founder of modern pharmacology, known for his work on the correlation between chemicals and their effectiveness.
Oswald Schmiedeberg (1838-1921)
Developed aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in 1899.
Felix Hoffmann
Introduced cocaine as a local anesthetic.
Carl Koller
Developed the smallpox vaccine, leading to its global eradication by 1980.
Edward Jenner (1796)
Discovered vitamin D deficiency as the cause of rickets.
Edward Mellanby (1921)
Discovered insulin.
Frederick Banting & Charles Best (1921)
Discovered penicillin, a major breakthrough in antibiotics.
Alexander Fleming (1928)
Discovered streptomycin, used to treat tuberculosis.
Selman Waksman (1943)
Developed the first polio vaccine.
Jonas Salk (1955)
Developed the first polio vaccine.
Jonas Salk (1955)
Increased funding for the rehabilitation of drug addiction and tightened regulations on drug prescriptions.
Anti-Drug Abuse Acts of 1986:
Creation of the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) to combat illegal drug activities.
EO 218
This amendment mandates that the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) must have custody of all seized dangerous drugs to ensure proper handling and prevent misuse.
RA 10640 – Strengthening of Sec. 21 of RA 9165:
Philippine law aimed at safeguarding the country from the harmful effects of dangerous drugs. It provides strict regulations on drug use, distribution, and penalties for violations.
RA 9165 – Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
Promotes the use of generic drug names in prescriptions
RA 6675 – Generics Act of 1988
This law aims to provide affordable and quality medicines by regulating the prices of essential drugs.
RA 9502 – Cheaper Medicine Act of 2008
The first national drug law in the United States, requiring accurate labeling of medicines to ensure public safety.
Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906
Forbade the sale of substantial doses of opiates or cocaine except by licensed doctors or pharmacies
Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914
A label required on tobacco products in the United States, warning about the health risks associated with smoking and tobacco use
Surgeon General’s Warning
A US federal law that established schedules for classifying controlled substances, regulating their manufacture, distribution, and use
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970
Study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes.
Pharmacology
Use of alcohol in nutrition, medicine, and rituals.
Stone Age Medicine
First use of inorganic salts as medications.
Hippocrates
Promoted a dogmatic approach to medicine.
Galen
Introduced the concept of dose-response and stated, “The dose makes the poison.”
Paracelsus
Movement of a drug into the bloodstream after administration.
Absorption
Movement of a drug to and from blood and tissues.
Distribution
Drug that activates receptors to produce a desired response.
Agonist
Drug that prevents receptor activation, blocking a response.
Antagonist
Ratio between the effective dose and lethal dose.
Therapeutic Index
Range between the minimum effective concentration and minimum toxic concentration
Therapeutic Window
Always undesirable and can lead to toxicity.
Adverse Effects
Unrelated physiological effects of a drug, can be desirable or undesirable.
Side Effects
Initial higher dose of a drug at the start of treatment.
Loading Dose
Time it takes for half the drug to be eliminated from the body.
Half-Life
Beneficial effects not due to the active properties of the treatment, but the patient’s belief.
Placebo Effect
Failure to achieve the desired therapeutic effect, caused by factors like poor compliance or drug interactions.
Therapeutic Failure
Study of how drugs are formulated and delivered to achieve their therapeutic effect.
Pharmaceutics
Breakdown of a drug into smaller particles.
Disintegration
Process of drug particles dissolving in the GI tract.
Dissolution
Drugs that affect multiple receptor sites.
Non-Specific Drug Effects
Drugs that affect multiple types of receptors.
Non-Selective Drug Effects
