CNS

Question 1

How many pairs of spinal nerves does body have

Answer 1

31 pairs

Question 2

Level of stimulus to produce painful sensations

Answer 2

Pain threshold

Question 3

released from phospholipids in cell
membrane from the event / injury and metabolized by either prostaglandin (PG) pathway or leukotriene (LT)
pathway

Answer 3

Arachidonic acid pathway

Question 4

Drugs that enhance activities of neurotransmitters

Answer 4

CNS Stimulants

Neurotransmitters:
Norepinephrine
Serotonine
Dopamine

Question 5

Types of CNS Stimulants

Answer 5

Amphetamines
Analeptics
Anorexiants

Question 6

Amphetamine Drugs for ADHD

Answer 6

• Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)
• Most common for ADHD
• Amphetamine (Adderall)
  -Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
• Methylphenidate (Concerta,
  Ritalin)

Question 7

Amphetamines for Narcolepsy

Answer 7

Modafinil (Provigil)
Pemoline (Cylert)

Question 8

Analeptic Drugs

Answer 8

• Methylxanthines
• Aminophylline
• Theophylline
• Caffeine
• NoDoz – increase diuresis
• Doxopram (Dopram)

Question 9

Anorexiant Drugs

Answer 9

• Dextroamphetamine
(Dexadrine)

• Lipase inhibitor (Orlistat)
- Anorexiant but not CNS
stimulant
- Patient experience
flatulence (constant
farting) and spotting

• Phentermine
-Most prescribed

Question 10

Types of CNS Depressants

Answer 10

Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Non-benzodiazepines

Question 11

Types of Barbiturates

Answer 11

Ultrashort Acting: Thiopental sodium (Pentothal)

Short Acting: Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Secobarbital (Seconal)

Intermediate Acting: Amobarbital (Amytal
Butobarbital (Butisol)

Long Acting: phenobarbital

Question 12

Types of Benzodiazepines

Answer 12

Long acting:
• Estazolam (Prosom)
• Flurazepam (Dalmane)

Short acting:

• Temazepam (Restoril)
• Triazolam (Halcion)
- Anterograde amnesia (adv.
Effect) – forgets recent events
after taking the drug

Question 13

Drugs of Non-Benzodiazepines

Answer 13

• Zolpidem (Ambien)
• Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

Question 14

Types of Anticonvulsants

Answer 14

Hydantoin
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Succinimides

Question 15

Hydantoin

Answer 15

Phenytoin - most common for seizure control

Question 16

Barbiturates

Answer 16

Phenobarbital - long acting, less teratogen than phenytoin

Question 17

Benzodiazepines

Answer 17

• Diazepam
- Primary treatment for acute seizures
- Short-term effect, not for maintenance

• Clonazepam
- For petite mal seizures
- High degree of tolerance

• Clorazepate
- Adjunctive therapy treatment for partial seizures

Question 18

Carbamazepine

Answer 18

Valproic
- Taken with food
- For tonic-clonic seizures

Question 19

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Answer 19

Short-acting
• Neostigmine (Prostigmin)

Ultrashort-acting for diagnosing MG
• Edrophonium (Tensilon)

Intermediate acting
• Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)
- Prototype drug of MG
- For muscle strength

Question 20

Antidote for cholinergic

Answer 20

Atropine

Question 21

Types of Muscle Relaxants

Answer 21

Central acting: CNS
• Baclofen (lioresal)
• Diazepam
• Carisoprodol (Flexeril)
• Methocarbamol (Robaxin)

Direct acting: Skeletal muscle
• Dantrolene sodium
• Quinine

Question 22

Types of Opioid Analgesics

Answer 22

Agonists: natural pain relievers
Morphine
Fentanyl Meperidine
Codeine
Methadone

Mixed: weaker pain reliever
Nalbuphine
Pentazacine

Antagonist: no pain medication
Naloxone
Naltrexone

Question 23

Non Selective Acetic Acids Non Opioid Analgesics

Answer 23

Acetic Acids
• Diclofenac sodium
• Indomethacin (Voltarem)

Salicylates
• Aspirin

Fenamic Acids
• Mefenamic acid

Propionic Acids
• Naproxen Ibuprofen
• Ketorolac

Question 24

Selective COX inhibitors non opioid

Answer 24

Celecoxib (celebrex)

Question 25

Para-aminophenol

Answer 25

Acetaminophen Paracetamol

Question 26

General Anesthesia drugs

Answer 26

Inhalation:
• Sevoflurane
• Desflurane
• Nitrous oxide (laughing gas)

Intravenous:
• Barbiturates (Thiopental)
• Benzodiazepines (Midazolam)
• Dissociative (Ketamine)
• Opiates (Fentanyl)

Question 27

Local Anesthesia drugs

Answer 27

Amide (w nitrogen)
• Bupivacaine
• Levobupivacaine
• Lidocaine

Ester (w nitrogen)
• Procaine
• Chloroprocaine
• Tetracaine