CNS Flashcards
How many pairs of spinal nerves does body have
31 pairs
Level of stimulus to produce painful sensations
Pain threshold
released from phospholipids in cell
membrane from the event / injury and metabolized by either prostaglandin (PG) pathway or leukotriene (LT)
pathway
Arachidonic acid pathway
Drugs that enhance activities of neurotransmitters
CNS Stimulants
Neurotransmitters:
Norepinephrine
Serotonine
Dopamine
Types of CNS Stimulants
Amphetamines
Analeptics
Anorexiants
Amphetamine Drugs for ADHD
- Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)
- Most common for ADHD
- Amphetamine (Adderall)
-Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) - Methylphenidate (Concerta,
Ritalin)
Amphetamines for Narcolepsy
Modafinil (Provigil)
Pemoline (Cylert)
Analeptic Drugs
• Methylxanthines
• Aminophylline
• Theophylline
• Caffeine
• NoDoz – increase diuresis
• Doxopram (Dopram)
Anorexiant Drugs
• Dextroamphetamine
(Dexadrine)
• Lipase inhibitor (Orlistat)
- Anorexiant but not CNS
stimulant
- Patient experience
flatulence (constant
farting) and spotting
• Phentermine
-Most prescribed
Types of CNS Depressants
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Non-benzodiazepines
Types of Barbiturates
Ultrashort Acting: Thiopental sodium (Pentothal)
Short Acting: Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Secobarbital (Seconal)
Intermediate Acting: Amobarbital (Amytal
Butobarbital (Butisol)
Long Acting: phenobarbital
Types of Benzodiazepines
Long acting:
• Estazolam (Prosom)
• Flurazepam (Dalmane)
Short acting:
• Temazepam (Restoril)
• Triazolam (Halcion)
- Anterograde amnesia (adv.
Effect) – forgets recent events
after taking the drug
Drugs of Non-Benzodiazepines
• Zolpidem (Ambien)
• Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
Types of Anticonvulsants
Hydantoin
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Succinimides
Hydantoin
Phenytoin - most common for seizure control
Barbiturates
Phenobarbital - long acting, less teratogen than phenytoin
Benzodiazepines
• Diazepam
- Primary treatment for acute seizures
- Short-term effect, not for maintenance
• Clonazepam
- For petite mal seizures
- High degree of tolerance
• Clorazepate
- Adjunctive therapy treatment for partial seizures
Carbamazepine
Valproic
- Taken with food
- For tonic-clonic seizures
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Short-acting
• Neostigmine (Prostigmin)
Ultrashort-acting for diagnosing MG
• Edrophonium (Tensilon)
Intermediate acting
• Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)
- Prototype drug of MG
- For muscle strength
Antidote for cholinergic
Atropine
Types of Muscle Relaxants
Central acting: CNS
• Baclofen (lioresal)
• Diazepam
• Carisoprodol (Flexeril)
• Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
Direct acting: Skeletal muscle
• Dantrolene sodium
• Quinine
Types of Opioid Analgesics
Agonists: natural pain relievers
Morphine
Fentanyl Meperidine
Codeine
Methadone
Mixed: weaker pain reliever
Nalbuphine
Pentazacine
Antagonist: no pain medication
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Non Selective Acetic Acids Non Opioid Analgesics
Acetic Acids
• Diclofenac sodium
• Indomethacin (Voltarem)
Salicylates
• Aspirin
Fenamic Acids
• Mefenamic acid
Propionic Acids
• Naproxen Ibuprofen
• Ketorolac
Selective COX inhibitors non opioid
Celecoxib (celebrex)
Para-aminophenol
Acetaminophen Paracetamol
General Anesthesia drugs
Inhalation:
• Sevoflurane
• Desflurane
• Nitrous oxide (laughing gas)
Intravenous:
• Barbiturates (Thiopental)
• Benzodiazepines (Midazolam)
• Dissociative (Ketamine)
• Opiates (Fentanyl)
Local Anesthesia drugs
Amide (w nitrogen)
• Bupivacaine
• Levobupivacaine
• Lidocaine
Ester (w nitrogen)
• Procaine
• Chloroprocaine
• Tetracaine
