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Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Who released patients from chain

A

Pussin

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2
Q

Who started movement for humanitarian treatment of mental patient

A

Philippe pinel

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3
Q

Eugenics/nature and nurture/genetics

A

Francis Galton

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4
Q

5 HTT serotonin transporter polymorphism

A

Transport serotonin back into presynaptic terminal where it release

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5
Q

Polymorphism

A

is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms

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6
Q

Epigenetics

A

How environment influence gene expression

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7
Q

Reciprocal gene -environmental interaction

A

Gene may predispose us to seek certain environment

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8
Q

psychosis

A

term that refers to several types of severe mental disorder in which the person is considered to be out of contact with reality

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9
Q

neurosis

A

mental condition that is not caused by organic disease, involving symptoms of stress (depression, anxiety, obsessive behaviour, hypochondria) but not a radical loss of touch with reality

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10
Q

hypochondria

A

abnormal chronic anxiety about one’s health.

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11
Q

prognosis

A

a prediction about the likely course, duration, severity, and overall outcome of a mental health condition.
categorized as “good” (positive expected outcome), “fair” (uncertain outcome), or “guarded” (potentially negative outcome

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12
Q

4 D’s

A

four D’s, Deviance(Deviance from the Cultural Norms ,Deviance from the Statistical Norms), Distress, Dysfunction and Danger

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13
Q

criteria of abnormal behaviour

A

content of the behavior(what)
context of the behavior(where and when)

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14
Q

prevalence

A

پھیلاؤ,,refers to how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder

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15
Q

incidence

A

the occurrence, rate, or frequency of a disease

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16
Q

normality criteria

A

control of behaviour, self esteem, perception of reality, form relationship, productivity(presence of energy)

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17
Q

clinical description of disorder

A

1.prevelance(how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder?)
2.sex ratio
3.prognosis(chances of improvement of the disorder)
4.course(acute,chronic,episodic,time limited,insideous)
5.incidence(how many new cases occur)

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18
Q

how to explain psychological disorder

A

1.description of symptoms
2.caustion(genetic, social ,psych)
3.treatment(psychodynamic,
behavioural, cognitive, humanistic)

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19
Q

psychodynamic treatments

A

therapy transference, catharsis, free association, dream analysis
analysis of humor (tendentious vs innocuous)

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20
Q

behavioural treatments

A

systematic desensitization, self monitoring,
operant conditioning.

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21
Q

cognitive treatment

A

like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), which focus on identifying and changing unhelpful thought patterns to address psychological issues.
cognitive restructuring, exposure therapy

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22
Q

humanistic treatments

A

person-centered therapy
existential therapy
transactional analysis

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23
Q

paradigm

A

perspective, model, pattern

24
Q

current paradigm in psychopathology

A

1.genetic paradigm
2.neuroscience paradigm
3.cognitive behavioural paradigm
4.diathesis stress paradigm
5.psychological paradigm

25
diathesis(predisposition) stress(environment) paradigm
explains how a person's biological makeup and life experiences interact to cause mental disorders
26
lunatic
luna-moon
27
psychological paradigm
1.psychoanalysis 2.humanistic 3.behavioural 4.cognitive
28
psychoanalysis approach
sigmund freud(1856-1939)concentered on unconsious forces. structure of mind: ID ,ego, superego. defence mechanism, psychosexual development, psychoanalytic therapy.
29
defence mechanism in psychoanalytic approach
1.repression 2.regression 3.projection(unconsciously or consciously attributes their own unwanted traits, feelings, or thoughts to another person, A cheating spouse who suspects their partner is being unfaithful ) 4.displacement(Taking out anger on a family member after a stressful day at work) 5.denial 6.rationalization 7.sublimation(Someone with anger issues might take up a sport like running or boxing)
30
levels of consciousness
conscious-small preconscious-middle unconscious-large
31
neo-freudians
Carl gustav jung alfred adler karen horney
32
karen horney
basic anxiety=hostile parent/environment basic hostility =strict parents social interactions, neurosis arise from childhood experiences
33
alfred adler
inferiority complex birth order sibling rivalry
34
carl gustav jung
collective unconscious/archetypes, introversion/extroversion libido is sourse of personal growth.
35
humanistic view
carl roger(1902-1987)-abraham maslow(1908-1970) emphasis on the positive aspects of life, free choices and personal growth experiences,they think abnormality is caused by society and human are inherently good in nature.
36
abraham maslow(1908-1970)
hierarchy of needs beginning with physiological needs at the bottom and self actualization at the top. 1.self-actualization 2.self-esteem 3.love and belongingness 4.safety needs 5.physical needs
37
Carl roger(1902-1987)
person-centered theory The main constructs of the theory are unconditional positive regard and empathy.
38
behavioural approach
J.B Watson (behaviourism) Ivan Pavlov (Classical conditioning, extinction, stimulus generalization) B.F Skinner(operant conditioning/shaping) Albert bandura(observational learning/modeling) Edward Thorndike(law of effect)
39
shaping
a method of increasing a targeted behavior through reinforcement in a process of successive approximation(similar behaviour)
40
cognitive approach
Ulric Neisser(cognitive psychology), (Jean Piaget) concerned with human cognition how human beings perceive recognize, attend, reason and judge.
41
. (REBT) 1962
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy.(Albert Ellis) idea that irrational beliefs lead to emotional and behavioral problems. 1.identify irrational belief 2.challenge irrational belief 3.replace irrational belief 4.develop new beliefs
42
Cognitive Theory of Depression
Aaron T. Beck, suggests that depression is largely maintained by negative thought patterns and cognitive biases, where individuals with depression tend to interpret information in a consistently negative way. 1.CBT 2.Cognitive reconstruction 3.behavioural activation
43
Diagnosis manuals
Involves DSM-5(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) ,ICD11(International Classification of Diseases)
44
important consideration in diagnosis
1.reliability(consistency of measurement) 2.validity(measure wht it supposed to measure) 3.cultural sensitivity 4.ethical consideration 5.utility 6.Standardization is process by which a certain set of standards or norms is determined for a technique in order to make its use consistent across different measurements.
45
Key assessment methods
1.clinical interviews 2.psychological assessment 3.behavioural observations 4.self-report questionnaires 5.physiological measures 6.cognitive assessment
46
psychological assessment
1.personality tests 2.projective tests(ambiguous stimuli) 3.emotional intelligence
47
cognitive assessment
1.intelligence tests 2.aptitude tests 3.achievement test
48
behavioural assessment
1.self-report measures 2.behavioural interviews 3.FBA Functional behavioural Assessment(Identify purpose of behaviour) 4.SJTs- situational judgement tests(hypothetical situations and ask for response) 5.MSE-mental state examination
49
MSE-mental state examination
1.appearance and behaviour 2.mood and effect 4.speech 5.perception 6.cognition 7.insight and judgement 8.thought process and content
50
taxonomy
the branch of science(biology) concerned with classification, especially of organisms
51
Approaches to classify disorders
1.The categorical approach (boxes, yes or no, specific criteria) 2. Dimensional approach (sliding scale, severity of symptoms) 3. Prototypical approach
52
International Classification of Diseases (ICD)—is published by
WHO(world health organization)
53
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)—is published by
APA(American Psychiatric Association)
54
limitations of DSM-4
1.Cultural considerations 2.lssues with reliability 3.Lack of dimensional approach 4.catagorical approach used(all or none) 5.comorbidity
55
Research methods in psychopathology
1.case study 2.Correlational method 3.experiment
56
Mental disorder def
Clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition,emotion regulation, or behaviour that reflects a dysfunction in the psychological,biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning l.

Psych404 (2 decks)

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