Intro Flashcards
From the Latin word “Scientia,” Which means to know or knowledge.
Science
The systemized knowledge of our physical world and its phenomena
Science
Science is also known to be a ________ that involves reasoning, and an ________ that involves questions, observations, and experimentations.
Thinking; investigating
The pursuit of knowledge covering general truths or the operations of fundamental flaws
Science
Two methods of reasoning and differentiate them from each other
Inductive reasoning - specific to general. Commonly used in descriptive sciences
Deductive reasoning - from general to specific. Commonly used in hypothesis-based science
Which is which:
Idea - observations - conclusion =?
Observations - analysis - theory =?
Deductive reasoning; Inductive reasoning.
A method of research with defined steps that include experimentation and careful observation
Scientific method
State the 5 steps in scientific method.
-Observation
-Question
-Hypothesis
-experiment
-conclusion/result
Differentiate hypothesis with theory with law
Hypothesis - predictive explanation.
Theory - From hypothesis, it will become theory once they are verified.
Law - Absolute truth. Observable truth. Accepted to be TRUE by the scientific community
What are the three broad branches of science
Social science, abstract science, and natural science.
What are the two type of natural science
Physical science and biological science
What are the three studies that are under the biological science
Botany, zoology, and microbiology
Who is the father of zoology
Aristotle
Father of microbiology
Louis Pasteur
Botany is also known as
Phytology
Father of botany
Theophrastus
Living systems exhibit a unique and complex molecular structure. This is known as?
Chemical uniqueness
Composition of large molecules is known as
Macromolecules
It makes life unique and have a complex organizational structure
Macromolecules
Contain the same kind of atoms and chemical bonds as those found in non-living things
Chemical uniqueness
What are the 4 types of biomolecules
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Carbs
Proteins
State the hierarchical organization or the hierarchy of levels in terms of the complexity of a specimen
Macromolecules
Cells
Organisms
Populations
Species
The ability to reproduce either sexually or asexually.
Reproduction
2 phenomena of reproduction
Heredity - transmission of traits from parents to offspring
Variation - production of differences among traits of different individuals
Responsible for determining the physical and behavioral traits of an organism
Genetic program
Encode structures of the protein molecules needed for organismal development and functioning
Nucleic acids
Long molecule made up of nucleotides that stores genetic information
DNA
Correspondence between the sequence of bases in DNA and the sequence of amino acids in the protein
Genetic code
A wide range of process such as respiration, digestion, and the synthesis of new molecules, which are essential for animals
Metabolism
What are the two main category of metabolism. Differentiate
Catabolism - breakdown of molecules to smaller units that releases energy
Anabolism - Uses energy and create new molecules
Study of organismal interactions with an environment
Ecology
The study of animal life
Zoology
Study of external structures of living organisms
Morphology
Study of structure of internal organs
Anatomy
Study of structures and function of the cell
Cytology
Study of transmission of characters from one generation to another
Genetics
Study of identification, classification, and nomenclature of living organisms
Taxonomy
Study of animal behavior
Ethology
Study of fishes
Ichthyology
Study of birds
Ornithology
Study of mammals
Mammalogy
Study of lizards
Saurology
Study of worms
Helminthology
Study of viruses
Virology
Study of molluscan shells
Conchology
Who made Historia Animalium
Aristotle
Who wrote Naturalis Historia
Pliny the elder
Who wrote De animalibus
Albert Magnus
Father of modern zoology
Conrad Gesner
Who published the Historiae Animalium
Conrad Gesner
Comprehensive encyclopedia with over 4500 species of animal
Historiae Animalium
The period where intense exploration and discovery was important in the zoology field because it allowed
Age of exploration
the age where zoology knowledge is now obtained not just by systematic observation but also with DISSECTION.
Renaissance
The process by which the species of living organisms changes over time
evolution
Most recognizable theory of evolution
Darwinism
5 major theories of Darwinism
Evolution as such
Common descent - all living things share a common ancestor.
Multiplication of species - Species arise from existing ones.
Gradualism - Small and continuous changes
Natural Selection - survival of the fittest.
Are the units of hereditary information that encode for specific traits
Genes
Are egg and sperm cell
Gametes
Are found in the nucleus of animal cells and are usually paired
Chromosomes
Father of genetics
Gregor Mendel
States that for any given trait, an organism has two copies of the gene responsible for that trait, and these copies segregate or separate from each other during the formation of reproductive cells.
Law of segregation
States that different genes are inherited independently of each other
Law of independent assortment
