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Biomechanics - 2330 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

definition of biomechanics

A

science that examines forces acting upon and within a biological structure and the effects produced by such forces
-predictions of these results

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2
Q

how did biomechanics become a thing

A

to be able to answer certain questions
-burrowed aspects from other disciplines

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3
Q

what 6 disciplines did biomechanics have a give and take relationship when it comes to info.

A

-kinesiology
-natural sciences
-mathematics
-medicine
-engineering
-health sciences

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4
Q

what is rigid body mechanics and what does this help

A

branch of biomech
-assume that an object cannot be deformed, stretched, or compressed.
-all particles have fixed positons relative to each other
-allows us to use newtons laws easily and makes the math easier

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5
Q

what are the 4 branches of rigid body mechanics

A

statics
dynamics
kinematics
kinetics

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6
Q

what is statics mechanics

A

branch from rigid body movement concerned with bodies at rest or in constant linear motion
-no acceleration or unbalanced forces

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7
Q

what is dynamic mechanics

A

branched from rigid body movement concerns bodies in motion, with non-zero acceleration
-acted upon by unbalanced forces

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8
Q

what is kinematics

A

branch of dynamics
-movement of human body parts in space without thinking of forces that cause it
-descriptive

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9
Q

what is kinetics

A

branch of dynamics
-concerned with causes of motion and action of forces

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10
Q

how do humans produce movement

A

muscle force causes motion

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11
Q

give brief idea of inverse dynamics

A

measures motion to predict muscle forces during movement
-uses size of body and can estimate muscle group forces

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12
Q

what 2 foundations of biomechanics emerged initially and concurrently

A

mechanical and biological foundations

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13
Q

what foundation of biochem emerged subsequentyl

A

quantitative

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14
Q

what foundation of biomech did aristotle contribute to and what was it

A

mechanical foundations
-all that is moved be moved by something else

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

what is an early iteration of newtons 3rd law and who said this

A

aristotle
-for just as the pusher pushes, so the pusher is pushed (originally traced back to god)
-explanation of ground reaction force

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17
Q

isaac newton contributed to which foundation of biomech

A

mechanical

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18
Q

what is the 1st law of newton

A

Law of inertia
-object at rest or constant linear motion will stay still unless a force acts upon it that changes its volocity

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19
Q

what is the 2nd law of newton

A

Law of acceleration due to external force
-force applied to 2 objects of diff. mass, the heavier one wont go as quickly

20
Q

what is the 3rd law of newton

A

Law of action and reaction
-if you push something it will push back on you with equal or heavier force (every action in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction)

21
Q

what branch of biomech does not apply to the 3rd law of newton

A

rigid body mechanics

22
Q

what is the 4th law of newton

A

Universal law of gravitation
-theoretical framework for mechanical analysis

23
Q

what foundation of biomech did Da Vinci contribute to and how

A

biological
-depicted origin, insertion and mechanical action of muscles
-geomtetrical analysis of human body (vitruvian man)

24
Q

what foundation did Giovanni Borelli contribute to in biomech and how

A

biological
-integration of physiology and physical science
-more complex movements
-muscle pennation angle and muscle function

25
Q

what is muscle pennation angle

A

orientation of muscle fibers in a muscle

26
Q

what foundation of biomech did etienne jules marey contribute to and how

A

quantitative
-transformed study of locomation from observational science to quantification (experiments)
-fusil photographic: methods to record high speed motion

27
Q

what foundation of biomech did muybridge contribute to and how

A

quantitative
-bullet time photography (helped understand how horses really run)

28
Q

muybridge findings were influenced by who

A

marey
-considered more artistic than scientific

29
Q

what foundation of biomech did braune and fischer contribute to and how

A

quantitative
-first 3-dimensional kinematic analysis of gait
-understand how humans move through space while walking

30
Q

what foundation of biomech did elftman contribute to and how

A

quantitative
-developed force platform technology
-developed inverse dynamics, mechanical energy, and power analyses of human motions

31
Q

what is the idea behind inverse dynamics, mechanical energy, and power analyses of human motions

A

muscles act to regulate energy exchange via transmission, absorption, generation and dissipation

32
Q

what benefit is gained from studying sport biomechanics

A

improve performance

33
Q

what benefit is gained from studying ergonomics

A

prevent injury

34
Q

what benefit is gained from studying injury biomechanics

A

prevent injury

35
Q

what benefit is gained from studying clinical biomechanics

A

improve healthcare

36
Q

what benefit is gained from studying prosthetic engineering

A

improve healthcare

37
Q

what benefit is gained from studying product design

A

$$$/reduce injury potential

38
Q

what benefit is gained from studying forensic biomechanics

A

understand injury; civil and criminal law

39
Q

in high jump, which is better and why, the scissor jump or flosbury flob and why

A

Flosbury flob
-center of mass passes under the bar instead of over (scissor jump), allowing to use less energy to jump higher because dont need to raise the center of mass as high

40
Q

what is the NIOSH lifting equation for

A

tool to calculate the overall risk of low-back disorders in occupations with repeated lifintg
-how heavy, how long, and how often one can lift

41
Q

what is ergonomics

A

study of people in their working environment

42
Q

in the office chair design, what is the best position to sit in to reduce injruy risk and why

A

large backrest angle (leaning back)
-reduces force on spine

43
Q

what is orthopaedic biomechanics

A

prevention, diagnosis and treatment of injuries of the muscular system

44
Q

what is the SACH foot and what does it do

A

Solid Ankle Cushion Heel
-increases stability and comfort when walking

45
Q

what is the flex foot

A

prostethic for those who have limited or no range of movement in their ankles
-used for running
-light weight and energy storage
-causes a lot of pain

46
Q

what is forensic biomechanics and who does it work

A

application of biomechanical knowledge to answer questions of civil and criminal law
-works backward from medical records to determine the cause of the injruy

47
Q
A

Biomechanics - 2330 (6 decks)

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