Intro Flashcards
5 points about why we are in a global nutritional crisis?
- Poor diet (excess or deficiency)
- Foods & diet disparities w/ inaccessibility of foods for poorer nation & extra food availability in wealthy countries
- health care cost
- Progressive rise of chronic illness
- Climate changes with loss of foods & many crops
When was vitamin C discovered & what does it do?
- 1932
- helps build collagen, connective tissue & bones
What triggered the world’s interest in nutrition?
WW II (20th century) - led to significant need for nutritional support after war.
What was the nutrition focus in 1980s & 1990s?
- impact of nutrition on chronic diseases (DM & hypertension)
- focus: limit carb rich energy foods & increase protein rich foods
- no success in managing chronic conditions but opened the door to sell more protein & vitamin rich products esp. to 3rd world countries.
What does double burden mean?
- Low nutrition problems
- Over nutrition problems
Folic Acid (3 points)?
- first known to prevent anemia in monkeys & chicken
- essential for bacterial growth
- spina bifida (important for nervous system development - if fetus doesn’t have enough baby can have)
Vitamin B12 storage site, what gives it the colour, who can produce & how much do we need?
- first discovered in the liver extracts
- liver is the main storage site of B12
- Cobalt gives it the pink colour
- only animals can produce B12
*only need small amounts daily (2.4 ug)
-intrinsic and extrinsic factors essential for absorption
B12 & folate?
- work in harmony: cobalamin = cofactor in the demethylation of MTHF molecule
- folate deficient patients need to be supplemented with B12
MTHF: methyl tetra hydro folate
Niacin (B3) defiency?
- deficiency causes 4 Ds (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death), pellagra
-Tryptophan converts B3 (only 3% needed)
what element is thought in the past to be toxic & carcinogen?
Selenium
What element is essential for activation of Vitamin E?
Selenium
What element is essential for thyroid function?
Selenium
What element is essential for glucose metabolism?
chromium
- acts as a cofactor for insulin glucose metabolism
- can help patients with DM.
What characterizes zinc deficiency and is it common? What impairs its absorption?
- skin hypertrophy & scaling, infertility
- difficult to have deficiency, very abundant in all foods types
IMPAIR:
- plant based foods high in calcium or bone metals
- soy foods high in phytates (most legumes)
**vegetarians/vegans should supplement with zinc
When do we need more protein?
during active infections (flu, pneumonia)
Ways to give protein to developing proteins (3)?
- Milk & milk concentrates fortified with minerals and vitamins
- Fish Protein Concentrations
- Single Cell Protein (fungi, bacteria but difficult to digest)
What nutrient is essential for skin health & growth in infants?
Unsaturated fatty acids
(Linoleic acid)
What deficiency can cause cholesterol and ischemic heart disease?
fatty acids
Which lipoproteins are good and bad?
HDL = good
(high protein, water soluble)
LDL = bad
(low protein, less soluble)
Fat consumption is correlated to which cancers (2)?
Breast & colon cancer
Which polyunsaturated fat is best? Plant or fish?
both are good but fish is better since it contains more omega 3 (anti inflammatory) vs from plants (olives, nuts, flax) who also have higher omega 6 (inflammatory)
-plants do have omega 3
High fibre intake can protect against which cancer? and how(2)?
colon cancer
HOW?
1. Reduce the intestinal emptying times so the carcinogens from pathogenic bacteria do not have long contact with the colon.
- Fermentation of the fibers > increase in SCFA in the colon > exerts an anti-cancer effect
Main goal of Canada’s food guide?
To protect cardiovascular health problems.
Dietary fiber, unsaturated fats = lower risk
Physical activity recommendation for kids and adults?
Kids/ young adults: 60 minutes of moderate - vigorous physical activity
Adults/elderly: 150 minutes of moderate - vigorous per week in bouts of 10 minutes or more.
