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Cc 1 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

It is the biochemical analysis of body fluids in support of the diagnosis and treatment of disease.

A

Clinical Chemistry

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2
Q

Father of clinical chemistry

A

Johann Florian Heller

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3
Q

Is the science of obtaining, processing and communicating information about the structure and composition of matter.

A

Analytical Chemistry

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4
Q

Is the use or application of instruments for observation, measurement or control.
It involves the operation of one or more instruments in carrying out laboratory tests.

A

Instrumentation

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5
Q

Is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms.

A

Biochemistry

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6
Q

Is the study of hormones and endocrine glands and organs.

A

Endocrinology

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7
Q

Test for presence and absence

A

Qualitative

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8
Q

Test for exact amount and numbers

A

Quantitative

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9
Q

Biologic specimens

A

• Blood
• Urine
• CSF
• Amniotic fluid • Synovial fluid
• Pleural fluid
• Peritoneal fluid
• Pericardial fluid

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10
Q

Has anticoagulant, fibrinogen and other clotting factors

A

Plasma

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11
Q

Free from clotting factors used to form the blood clot found at the bottom

A

Serum

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12
Q

Which is preferred in cc plasma or serum, why

A

Serum because plasma has anticoagulant like KEDTA which becomes an interference. And plasma has fibrinogen

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13
Q

Is the preferred sample for clinical chemistry
testing.
It removes the unwanted red blood cells
more efficiently, generating more sample
volume per unit of blood.

A

Serum

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14
Q

• Is suitable for tests that evaluate kidney function, since it contains waste products excreted by the kidneys.
• It is also often used in toxicology.

A

Urine

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15
Q

Is the liquid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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16
Q

Where is CSF located

A

Between arachnoid and pia matter referred to as subarachnoid space

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17
Q

Where is CSF found?

A

Brain inside ventricles

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18
Q

When do doctors test for CSF?

A

Possible case of meningitis

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19
Q

How is CSF obtained

A

Spinal tap or lumbar puncture usually at the interspace of vertebrae L3 to L4

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20
Q

Amniotic fluid is the fluid that cushions the baby, found in the amniotic sac. It is obtained through?

A

Transabdominal amniocentesis

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21
Q

Lubricant for the joints and transport medium for delivery of nutrients and removal of cell wastes

A

Synovial fluid

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22
Q

Doctors ask for synovial fluid for testing if the doctor suspects that a patient has……. Accomplished by

A

Athritis, Gout for uric acid…. Athrocentesis

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23
Q

Resembles serum appears yellowish

A

Serous body fluids

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24
Q

Found in our lungs or thoracic cavity

A

Pleural fluid

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25
Q

Found in heart

A

Pericardial fluid

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26
Q

Found in the abdomen specifically peritoneum the membrane that protects internal organs

A

Peritoneal fluid

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27
Q

Presence of excess peritoneal fluid

A

Ascites

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28
Q

Peritoneal fluid is Obtained by

A

Paracentesis

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29
Q

Are positive meaning they are cations

A

Sodium and potassium

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30
Q

have a part in neuromuscular
activity because they are positively charged.

A

Calcium and magnesium

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31
Q

Its clinical significance in our body is to maintain blood pressure and increased during dehydration, usually if vomiting and diarrhea this is excreted

A

Sodium

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32
Q

Responsible for the muscle contraction of your body

A

Potassium

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33
Q

Most commonly found in sweat and individual who has thyroid problem

A

Chloride

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34
Q

Difference between total calcium and free calcium

A

Total calcium maintains bone integrity and is bound to a protein meaning it can’t go anywhere. Free calcium is used electrical impulses between your brain and muscle for sending signals to the brain because it has an ion

35
Q

Plays a part in neuromuscular activity and immune system

A

Magnesium

36
Q

Encountered with dialysis patient

A

Phosphorus

37
Q

In lead, we test for lead in blood if the doctor suspects lead poisoning. In lead poisoning there is what we call …… and it can be an indication for a lead poisoning diagnosis

A

Basophilic stippling

38
Q

It is needed in RBC
What if mag increase ano matabo?

A

Iron
Organ damage because iron deposits ha liver and since these are metals it will damage your organs

39
Q

Maintains alkalinity, pH and acid base balance

A

Carbon dioxide

40
Q

If your electrolytes shifts, the pH is affected and can cause..
This usually exits in our body through the form of

A

Metabolic acidosis (decrease bicarbonate)
Bicarbonate (HCO3)

41
Q

Randomly collected type of test for glucose

A

Random blood sugar

42
Q

This type of glucose requires fasting

A

FBS

43
Q

Explain the procedure of OGTT

A

[Explanation]

44
Q

Used for energy and synthesis of hormones
Is …. Affected by diet?

A

Cholesterol
No because it is produced by the body

45
Q

Stored fats used for energy and affected by diet

A

Triglycerides

46
Q

Waste product of your protein and muscle metabolism? A marker of kidney function

A

Creatinine

47
Q

Product of liver and bile duct
How is it created?

A

Bilirubin
After breakdown of hemoglobin or red cell turnover

48
Q

Why do babies have yellow skin?

A

Jaundice, the production of RBCs in babies are fast and can’t be discarded by liver because it is still immature that’s why it circulates around the body giving off a yellow pigment

49
Q

2 types of bilirubin explain

A

Unconjugated - not bound by a protein, indirect cannot be discarded by the body or kidneys
Conjugated bound

50
Q

How is conjugated bilirubin naging conjugated?

A

If bilirubin passed by liver and bind to albumin
Conjugate albumin is the only form of bilirubin that can be discarded by our body

51
Q

Bilirubin is photosensitive thats why babies should be exposed to sunlight. If patient has liver profile test the test tube should be covered in ….. to prevent light from passingthrough

A

Carbon paper

52
Q

In needs to be tested because it is toxic to the brain

A

Ammonia

53
Q

Patient preparation for ammonia

A

No cigarette consumption before testing

54
Q

Formed in the metabolism of glucose in the absence of oxygen

A

Lactic acid

55
Q

Renal biomarker for GFR

A

Cystatin C

56
Q

Pancreatic enzymes are

A

Lipase and Amylase

57
Q

Hydrolyzes ester linkage to produce alcohol and fatty acids from triglycerides, used to remove fats

A

Lipase

58
Q

Digest starch

A

Amylase

59
Q

Amylase is composed of

A

Amylose and amylopectin

60
Q

Liver marker enzyme

A

SGPT/ALT

61
Q

Mayda ini ha liver so diri hiya specific

A

SGOT/AST

62
Q

A liver enzyme but also present in bones

A

Alkaline Phosphatase

63
Q

Used to test for tissue damage and patient with autoimmune disease or inflammatory disease.

A

Lactate Dehydrogenase

64
Q

3 types of Creatinine Kinase enzymes

A

CK MM - skeletal muscle
CK MB - heart muscle
CK BB - brain tissue

65
Q

Transport proteins like total protein and albumin are located in what organ

A

Liver

66
Q

3 components of iron

A

Serum iron
Transferrin
Ferritin

67
Q

Also known as your total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and is inversely proportional to serum iron. Increased in iron deficiency and decrease in iron overload

A

Transferrin

68
Q

Stores iron in the hepatocyte until it is needed in the synthesis of hemoglobin. Also the major iron storage protein for the body. Directly proportional, if hamubo hi iron hamubo gihap ini

A

Ferritin

69
Q

Binds to hemoglobin, too much hemoglobin in the body is bad so it needs to bind with this transport protein to be discarded

A

Haptoglobin

70
Q

Rapid test for dengue

A

NS1 antigen
IgM
IgG

71
Q

Immunoglobulins

A

IgG IgA IgM

72
Q

Active infection for dengue

A

NS1 Antigen

73
Q

Acute infection, first few days of dengue infection

A

IgM

74
Q

Chronic, you had the disease before

A

IgG

75
Q

is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, colostrum, vaginal luid, and secretions from the respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosa, and is also found in small amounts in blood.

A

IgA

76
Q

Immunoglobulins that can cross placenta, this is present in newborn’s serum, synthesized by mother

A

IgG

77
Q

is the most abundant class of antibodies found in blood plasma and lymph. IgG antibodies act on bacteria, fungi, viruses, and foreign particles

A

IgG

78
Q

is the irst antibody to appear in response to antigenic stimulation and is present in B lymphocytes. This cannot cross placenta and only immunoglobulin synthesized by the neonate

A

IgM

79
Q

The complement system is a natural defense
mechanism against infections. Inversely proportional ini hira na duwa

A

C3 and C4

80
Q

this is an acute phase reactant so gin tetest hiya during infection or more specifically during inflammation.

Rises sharply when there is tissue inflammation

Increases after your macrophages and t cells release interleukinses

A

CRP

81
Q

Janitor lipids, are the cleanup crew, gathering up excess cholesterol for transport back to the liver.

A

HDL

82
Q

are like nearly empty tankers that just deliver cholesterol to peripheral cells and return to the liver after their main cargo, triglycerides, have been off-loaded

A

LDL

83
Q

Number 1 waste product of the body
Normal level

A

Creatinine
65-100 mcmol/L

84
Q

Formed in purine metabolism

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

Cc 1 (2 decks)

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