Intro Flashcards
Is a branch of electronics that deals with power electronics devices, such as tryristors etc..
Industrial Electronics
An approach/representation in system analysis that identifies the required process in transforming the key inputs into resulting outputs in a system.
IPO Model
The two types of system in IPO Model
- Open loop system
- Closed loop system
active device used to design circuits that perform useful operations,
o Generating Sine Waves or Square Waves;
o Amplifying;
o Combining;
o Integrating;
o Differentiating;
o Removing Noise;
o Transforming Alternating Current into Direct Current and vice versa.
Operational Amplifier
Used in analog computers to do mathematics operations
Op-amp
Operational Amplifier works like a very high 1._____ differential amplifier with 2. ______ input impedance and 3.______ output impedance
- gain
- high
- low
Formula of Operational Amplifier without feedback.
Vo = Av (V2 - V1)
Vin-, V(-), V1
inverting input
-V, VS-, VEE
Negative Potential Source
Vin+, V(+), V2
non-inverting input
+V, VS+, VCC
Positive potential source
Vout, VO
Output Voltage
One of the most popular op-amp packaging
741 inside an 8-pin integrated circuit package.
Typical Op-Amp gain is approximately….
200,000
The output voltage level cannot exceed approximately…
80% (Vo sat)
Used to control the gain of op-amp, by connecting resistor from output to the input terminal.
Feedback
Also known as Buffer Gate, isolation amp, buffer amp, unity gain amp.
Voltage follower
If the input of the voltage follower is 1, the output is…
1
If the input of the voltage follower is 1, the output is…
1
Most widely used amplifier with constant gain
Inverting amplifier
Av = -Rf/Rin = Vo/Vin
Gain formula for inverting amplifier
Amplifier output signal be in phase with the output
Non-Inverting Amplifier
Vo = (Rf/Rin +1) Vin
Formula for Non-inverting amp
Used to compare Vin to Rf
Comparator Amplifier
When two or more input signals are tied together and then applied to an input lead of an op-amp, the type of op-amp used is…
Summing Amplifier
An op-amp that finds the algebraic difference between two input voltages.
Differential Amplifier
Formula for Summing amplifier…
Vo = -Rf(V1/R1 + V2/R2 + V3/R3…)
Formula for Differential Amplifier
Vo = V2(Rg/R2 + Rg)(R1+Rf/R1) - V1(Rf/R1)
Preferred number series of resistor..
E24 Series
Electronic Device used to produce square-wave signals.
Used as relaxation oscillator, timers, and flip-flops
Multivibrator
An integrated circuit used in variety of timer delay, pulse generation, and oscillator application.
555 Timer
555 timer can be operated either as a very accurate Monostable, Bistable or Astable Multivibrator? True or False
True
Modes of operation of 555 timer
- Astable
- Monostable
- Bistable
No stable states, used as an relaxation oscillator
Astable
One stable state, one unstable state. Used as timers
Monostable
Two stable states. Used as flip-flops.
Bistable
Function that conveys information about the behavior of a system. They occur naturally and they are also synthesized.
Signal
Signal is necessarily an electric quantity. True or False
False
Speech/music information
acoustic wave
image information
electromagnetic wave
Convey data information
instrumentation outputs
Transducers are the component used in signal processing. True or False?
True
Classification of Signals
- Analog or Digital
- Periodic or Aperiodic
Used to represent data as sequence of separate values at any point of time.
Digital Signal
Continuous Signal
Analog Signal
Signal which repeats itself after a regular interval of time.
Periodic Signal
It has no pattern of repetition
Aperiodic Signal
maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position
Amplitude
Number of repetitions of periodic process in a unit of time period. Measured in Hertz (Hz). 1 repeating per sec 1/sec
Frequency
Duration or interval of time required for a cyclic motion or phenomenon to complete a cycle and begin to repeat itself.
Period
Ratio of time the signal is High/on state (PW) to the total time of one cycle.
Duty Cycle
Formula of Duty Cycle
DC = (PW/T) x 100% = (on time/ on time + off time) x 100%
Which of the following can be affected by noise?
a. digital signal b. analog signal c. both
c
A periodic signal with frequency of 1MHz has a period of what seconds?
a. 1ms b. 1μs c. 1ns
b
What is the duty cycle of a signal with 20 ms pulse width and frequency of 10 Hz
a. 20% b. 50% c. 5%
a
Physical signals can be converted into
a. electromagnetic signal b. electrical signal c. both
c
- Which of the following can be a periodic signal
a. analog signal b. digital signal c. both a and b
c
Devices that change or modify signals applied to their
inputs. The output signals of these devices can be used to
perform specific functions
Signal Processor
used to amplify very lowlevel signals, rejecting noise and interference signals.
a differential op-amp
circuit providing high input impedances with ease of gain
adjustment through the variation of a single resistor
instrumentation amplifier
produces a steadily changing output voltage for a constant input voltage
Integrator Op Amp/circuit
produces a constant output
voltage for a steadily changing input voltage
Differentiator Op Amp
a logic input type that provides
hysteresis or two different threshold voltage levels for
rising and falling edge.
Schmitt Trigger
Converter that is often called as rectifier, but commercially known as power supply
AC-DC converter
Are electronic devices that convert an input source of Dc to higher or lower voltage level
DC-DC converter
Two types of DC-DC converter
1.Linear
2. Switch-Mode
Converter made to act as a variable resistor. Classified either as series or shunt.
Linear Voltage Regulator
Achieved by the ON and OFF action limiting the amount of current flow based on the varying line and load conditions.
Switch-mode Regulator
3 types of switch-mode regulator
Buck converter (step-down)
Boost Converter (step-up)
Buck-Boost Converter
A device that converts DC to AC
Inverter
Process of changing a specific property of an AC power such as magnitude, frequency, phase into a desired value.
AC to AC converter
Used to step-up or step-down the AC voltage
Transformer
Used to convert single phase power into multi-phase (3-phase) or vice versa
Phase Converter
Device that is used to convert frequency
Cycloconverter
