intro

Question 1

A greek word “tome” means

Answer 1

to cut

Question 2

What they are made of, where they are located, associated structures

Answer 2

Anatomy

Question 3

study functions of anatomical structures, both individual and cooperative

Answer 3

Physiology

Question 4

These two are complementary according to the principle of complementarity

Answer 4

structure and function

Question 5

Structure:

Answer 5

anatomy

Question 6

Function:

Answer 6

physiology

Question 7

study of superficial markings

Answer 7

Surface Anatomy

Question 8

The study of specific areas of the body

Answer 8

Regional Anatomy

Question 9

Study of the 11* specific organ systems

Answer 9

Systemic Anatomy

Question 10

Structures large enough that one can see with the unaided eye

Answer 10

Gross Anatomy

Question 11

Enumerate 11 organ systems

Answer 11

Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Integumentary*
Lymphatic
Muscular*
Nervous*
Reproductive
Respiratory
Skeletal*
Urinary

Question 12

Involves studying anatomical structures that cannot be seen with the unaided eye

Answer 12

Microscopic Anatomy

Question 13

Study of cells

Answer 13

Cytology

Question 14

Study of tissues

Answer 14

Histology

Question 15

Considers the operation of specific organ systems

Answer 15

Physiology

Question 16

kidney function

Answer 16

Renal

Question 17

workings of the nervous system

Answer 17

Neurophysiology

Question 18

operation of the heart and blood vessels

Answer 18

Cardiovascular

Question 19

Levels of organization

Answer 19

Chemical Level
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ Level
Organ system

Question 20

atoms (e.g. carbon) combine to form molecules

Answer 20

Chemical Level

Question 21

Smallest living units in organisms and contain organelles, each with a function

Answer 21

Cellular level

Question 22

different groups of cells that perform a function

Answer 22

Tissue Level

Question 23

Different types of tissues that perform a common function

Answer 23

Organ Level

Question 24

consists of different organs that work closely together

Answer 24

Organ system

Question 25

All systems working together

Answer 25

Organismal Level

Question 26

How organisms interact with each other and their environment

Answer 26

Ecological level

Question 27

All organ systems work together

Answer 27

Integration

Question 28

ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world

Answer 28

Homeostasis

Question 29

Failure to function within a normal range results in

Answer 29

Disease

Question 30

Variables produce a change in the body

Answer 30

Homeostatic Control Mechanisms

Question 31

monitors the environments and responds to changes (stimuli).

Answer 31

Receptor

Question 32

determines the set point at which the variable is maintained

Answer 32

Control Center

Question 33

provides the means to respond to stimuli

Answer 33

Effector

Question 34

Usually occurs by negative feedback which can be modeled as a thermostat

Answer 34

Regulation

Question 35

responses controlled by nervous and endocrine systems

Answer 35

extrinsic regulation

Question 36

the response of the effector negates or opposes the stimulus (shuts off the original stimulus)

Answer 36

Negative Feedback

Question 37

NOT a way to maintain homeostasis runaway train response of the effector output reinforces or exaggerates the stimulus (e.g. blood clotting, ovulation, action potential)

Answer 37

Positive Feedback

Question 38

Disturbance of homeostasis or the body’s normal equilibrium Overwhelming the usual negative feedback mechanisms allows destructive positive feedback mechanisms to take over “disease”

Answer 38

Homeostatic Imbalance

Question 39

What is the Anatomical Position?

Answer 39

Hands at sides, palms forward

Question 40

toward and away from the head, respectively

Answer 40

Superior and Inferior

Question 41

toward the front and back of the body

Answer 41

Anterior and Posterior

Question 42

toward the midline, away from the midline

Answer 42

Medial and Lateral

Question 43

closer to and farther from the origin of the body part (or from the torso)

Answer 43

Proximal and Distal

Question 44

toward and away from the body surface

Answer 44

Superficial and Deep

Question 45

toward the head and toward the tail

Answer 45

Cranial and Caudal

Question 46

Ventral:

Answer 46

Anterior

Question 47

Dorsal:

Answer 47

Posterior

Question 48

Sometimes to gain a greater understanding of 3D images anatomists cut the image at different planes

Answer 48

Body Planes

Question 49

parallel to long axis, divides the body into right and left parts

Answer 49

Sagittal

Question 50

sagittal plane that lies on the midline

Answer 50

midsagittal or medial

Question 51

also parallel to long axis, divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Answer 51

Frontal or coronal

Question 52

(cross section) – perpendicular to long axis, divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Answer 52

Transverse or horizontal

Question 53

protects the nervous system, and is divided into two subdivisions

Answer 53

Dorsal cavity

Question 54

within the skull; encases the brain

Answer 54

Cranial cavity

Question 55

runs within the vertebral column; encases the spinal cord

Answer 55

Vertebral cavity

Question 56

runs within the vertebral column; encases the spinal cord

Answer 56

Vertebral cavity

Question 57

houses the internal organs (viscera),

Answer 57

Ventral cavity

Question 58

Ventral cavity is divided into two subdivisions

Answer 58

Thoracic Abdominopelvic

Question 59

serous membranes or serosa are

Answer 59

Ventral Body Cavity Membranes

Question 60

Parietal serosa lines internal body walls Visceral serosa covers the internal organs Serous fluid separates the serosae

Answer 60

serous membranes or serosa