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Resp > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is hiccups?

A

involuntary contraction of the inspiratory muscles and diaphragms

The sound is due to the glottis closing

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2
Q

How to treat hiccups?

A

haloperidol or chlorpromazine

alternately baclofen or domperidone

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3
Q

Oxygenated blood absorbs red or IR light?

A

red light

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4
Q

deoxygenated blood absorbs red or IR light

A

IR

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5
Q

What can cause a high V/Q mismatch? (the average value is 0.8)

A

Pulmonary embolism

Due to the clot disrupting the amount of blood getting to the alveolar capillaries. The Q values gets smaller.

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6
Q

Define FEV1

A

forced volume of expiration at 1 second from

the point of maximal inspiration

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7
Q

Define FVC

A

volume of air that can
be expelled, from the point of maximal inspiration
to the point of maximal expiration

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8
Q

That is DLco?

A

diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide

CO binds to erythrocytes, so the higher the DLco value the better the pulmonary blood volume.

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9
Q

What is TV

A

Tidal volume

the amount of air inspired or expired during a single breath

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10
Q

What is IRV/ERV

A

inspiratory/expiratory reserve volume

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11
Q

What is FRC

A

Functional residual volume=RV (residual volume)+ERV

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12
Q

What is vital capacity (VC)?

A

maximum amount of air that
can be expelled after maximal inspiration (VC =
IRV + TV + ERV)

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13
Q

What is minute ventilation?

A

The amount of air inhaled
or exhaled per minute. TV x RR

The higher the minute ventilation the lower the blood CO

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14
Q

What are the cardinal resp symptoms?

CHWD

A

Chest pain
Cough

Haemoptysis

Wheeze

Dyspnoea

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15
Q

Normal ABG pH range

A

7.35-7.45

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16
Q

Normal ABG PaO2 range

A

10.5-13.5 kPa

17
Q

Normal ABG PaCO2 range

18
Q

Normal ABG HCO3 range

19
Q

Normal ABG base excess range

20
Q

Normal ABG H+ range

21
Q

Why is lactate an important test in resp?

A

Lactate (and lactic acidosis, by extension) is built up as a result of anaerobic respiration through the glycolytic
pathway.

Conditions such as sepsis and
volume depletion may adversely affect cellular
metabolism, increasing lactate levels,

22
Q

Anion gap formula

A

Na-(Cl+HCO3)

16 ± 4 mEq/L (if the calculation employs potassium)
12 ± 4 mEq/L (if the calculation does not employ potassium)

23
Q

Causes of a high anion gap

MUD PILES

A

methanol
Ureamia
DKA

Paraldehyde
Isoniazid
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates (aspirin)

Resp (8 decks)

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