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Weed & Disease > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Dicot Leaves (Broadleaf)

A 
2 cotyledons
Netlike viens
one or more leaves at node
branched growth habit
flowers in different shade and colors
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2
Q

Identifying broadleaf weeds

A
  1. Flowers
  2. Leaf structure
  3. Growth habit
  4. Unique characteristics
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3
Q

Types of Leaf Arrangement (name 4)

A
  1. Alternate
  2. Opposite
  3. Whorled
  4. Rosette
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4
Q

Monocots (Grasses)

A 
Single cotyledon
Parallel veins
Only one leaf node
Long, narrow leaves
Inconspicuous flowers
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5
Q

2 Types of Leaf Bud (Vernation)

A
  1. Rolled in the bud

2. Folded in the bud

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6
Q

3 Types of Ligules

A
  1. Absent
  2. Membranous
  3. Hairy
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7
Q

3 Types of seed heads

A
  1. Panicle
  2. Branched spike
  3. Spike
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8
Q

Vernation

A

arrangement of leaves in the budleaf (newest emerging leaf) and the surrounding sheath. (ROLLED AND FOLDED)

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9
Q

Ligule

A

A protruding structure from the upper surface of the leaf where the blade and sheath are joined. Membranous, Absent, Fringe of hairs

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10
Q

Auricle

A

A pair of appendages protruding from the side of the grass leaf at the junction of the blade and sheath. Absent, Claw-like (clasping), Rudimentary

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11
Q

Weed

A

Plants that cause economic damage and thrive in highly/repeated disturbed environments made by humans.

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12
Q

Three types of plant life cycles

A
  1. Perennial 2+ growing seasons
  2. Annual (winter and summer) 6 months
  3. Biennial 2 growing seasons
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13
Q

Stolons

A

Above-ground creeping stem that can produce roots and shoots at each node.

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14
Q

Rhizomes

A

Underground creeping stems that can produce roots and shoots at each node.

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15
Q

Sedges

A
  1. Solid triangular stems “sedges have edges”
  2. Grass-like leaves in clusters of three
  3. Flowers are globe shaped or in cluster like sparklers.
  4. Warm season perennials and annuals
    “nut grass”
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16
Q

Types of artificial methods weeds are spread

A

Equipment, tools, humans, grass seed, plantings and amendments

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17
Q

Reasons we get weeds

A

Poor management, cosmetic standards, improper mulching, lack of sanitation, environmental condition.

18
Q

Weed prevention

A

Prevent reproduction, prevent entrance to the site, sanitize, mulch

19
Q

Cultural Practices

A

Start with weed-free bed, select appropriate plants for environment, help plants outcompete weeds

20
Q

Mechanical Techniques

A

Mowing, Pruning, Hand weeding, Chemical control

21
Q

Principles of chemical control

A
  • Identify weeds and desirable plants
  • Use appropriate chemical (time and rate)
  • Calibrate equipment
  • Practice resistance mgmt
  • ALWAYS read directions/label
22
Q

What is the difference between weed control and weed management?

A

Control: single activity to remove weeds
Management: multiple activities to reduce and stabilize weed populations

23
Q

Goals of Weed MGMT plan?

A

Aesthetics, Function, and Economics

24
Q

5 Steps to develop a weed management plan

A
  1. Site assessment
  2. Define plantings (5 types)
  3. Species selection and compatible weed mgmt options
  4. Site preparation
  5. Installation and implementation
25
Q

5 Types of landscape plants

Most post-plant control options to fewest

A
  1. Woody tree and shrub beds
  2. Woody ground cover beds
  3. Annual beds
  4. Perennial beds
  5. Mixed plantings
26
Q

Planting time determines…

A
  1. The importance of pre-plant weed control

2. The post-plant weed mgmt options

27
Q

Woody Tree and Shrub Beds

A
  • Densely shades plantings exclude weeds

* Most weed control options of all planting types

28
Q

Mixed Plantings Bed

A

*More complex treatment due to diversity
*Site prep is critical
Few post-plant herbicide options

29
Q

Methods for site preparation

A
  1. Cultivation
  2. Non-selective herbicides
  3. Solarization (rarely used)
  4. Fumigation (rarely used)
30
Q

Solarization

A

clear plastic heats soils for 4-6 weeks

31
Q

Non-selective herbicides

A
  • kills most roots and shoots
  • Most common site prep treatment
  • Spray, wait 5 days and then cultivate
  • Will control most perennial weeds
32
Q

Pre-emergent Herbicides

A
  • works in several planting types
  • Must apply at correct time
  • Applied before seeds germinate
33
Q

Post-emergent Control

A
  • Post herbicides
  • Grass control *Spot treat
  • Hand weed
34
Q

Pesticide

A

Any substance used to control pest (Fungicide, herbicide, bactericide, miticide, insecticide)

35
Q

Active Ingredient (AI)

A

Specific compounds in the product that cause plant death or reduce growth

36
Q

Mode of Action (MOA)

A

The plant process affected by herbicide (impact photosynthesis, flowering, seeding, etc)

37
Q

Pre-emergent application dates

A

Summer Annuals: March 1
Late Summer Annuals: May 1
Winter Annuals: Sept 1

38
Q

Post-emergent Herbicides

A
  • Effective after plants have emerged (germinated)
  • Applied to foliage as spray
  • Most effective on young, actively growing plants
  • Plant stress reduces effectiveness
  • Not effective on mature, flowering plants
  • apply 2 days before or after mowing
  • apply when temp between 60-85 degrees
  • Need 6 hours to dry before rain or irrigation (unless “rainfast”)
39
Q

Post-Emergent application timing

A
  • Best to apply when weeds are 2-6” tall
  • Cool Season Annuals: Sept-Dec
  • Warm Season Annuals: March - May
40
Q

What is the difference between Selective and Non-Selective?

A

Selective: only kills certain plants

Non-Selective: Kills MOST plants

41
Q

What is the difference between Contact and Systemic?

A

Contact: Acts rapidly, affects treated area only, multiple application

Systemic: can take several days-weeks, translocated through plant, most effective when plants actively growing.

*MOST herbicides are systemic

42
Q

Weed control for woody weeds?

A

Deciduous: Aug-Sept
Evergreen: April -May
Hand weed when small for best control

Weed & Disease (3 decks)

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