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Weed & Disease > Diseases and their names > Flashcards

Diseases and their names Flashcards

1
Q

Powdery Mildew

A

FUNGI
Podosphaera

Biotrophic ascomycete that reproduces primarily with conidia via wind

Spores overwinter and then re-infect in the spring

Fairly wide host range to very specific

Damage usually is not life-threatening
Prefers mild, wet summers

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2
Q

Podosphaera

A

Powdery Mildew (fungus)

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3
Q

Entomosporium

A

Leaf Spot (fungus)

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4
Q

Leaf spot

A

FUNGI
Entomosporium

Biotrophic ascomycete that reproduces primarily with conidia via wind and water splashing

Overwinters as mycelium in the fallen infected leaves

Specific to the family Rosaceae (most ocmmonly Indian Hawthrone and Photinia)

Damage is usually not life threating
Prefers mild, wet summers

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5
Q

Southern Blight

A

FUNGI
Scelotium

Nectrotrophic
reproduces via the soil splashing

It attacks the plant at the crown with oxalic acid and lytic enzymes

Damage is usually life-threatening
Nearly indiscriminate
Prefers hot and wet

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6
Q

Scelotium

A

Southern Blight (fungus)

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7
Q

Grey Mold

A

FUNGI
Botrytis
Necrotrophic reproduces through wind, water splashing, and proximity

Overwinter as sclerotia
Very wide host range. Kills with an oxidative burst

Damage is life-threating
Prefers hot and wet

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8
Q

Botrytis

A

Grey Mold (fungus)

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9
Q

Cedar-Apple Rust

A

FUNGI
Gymnosporangium

Biotropic reproduces with teliospores and aeciospores via the wind.

Life cycle is heteroecious (changes hosts to survive)

Overwinters as teliospores
Very narrow host range (Eastern Red Cedar and Apple)
Damage is not usually life-threatening. Just ugly!

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10
Q

Gymnosporangium

A

Cedar-Apple Rust (fungus)

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11
Q

Crown Gall

A

BACTERIA
Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Attracted to wound response chemicals, mainly acetosyringone

Contains a set of genes in a tumor-inducing plasmid (Yi Plasmid)

Inserts segments of plasmid into plant cell via a pilus

Induces the production of undifferentiated tissue
Very wide host range

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12
Q

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

A

Crown Gall (Bacteria)

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13
Q

Bacteria Leaf Scorch

A

BACTERIA
Xylella fastidiosa

Insect vectored: planthoppers, survives in the alimentary canal

Colonizes xylem tissue and girdles tissue past the canker

Heavy necrosis on leaves, dieback of distal twigs and branches

Systemic bacteria: going to stay in tree until it dies

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14
Q

Xylella fastidiosa

A

Bacteria Leaf Scorch

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15
Q

Bacterial Wilt

A

BACTERIA
Ralstonia solanacearum

Soil-borne xylem colonizer (in tissue-lack water=wilt symptom)

Gridles the plant at the crown
Affects solanaceous plants

Symptoms: chlorosis, wilting, flagging, stunting

Signs: Bacterial colonies can be seen in the xylem. Sign when you put it in water and see the bacteria

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16
Q

Ralstonia solanacearum

A

Bacterial Wilt

17
Q

Bacterial Leaf Spot

A

Xanthomonas spp.

Soil-borne, soil is splashed onto leaves during rainfall

Invades the leaf tissue through the hydathodes and stomata

Angular necrotic (sometimes water-soaked) lesions, chlorotic halos, leaf drop

18
Q

Xanthomonas spp.

A

Bacterial Leaf Spot

19
Q

Fire Blight

A

BACTERIA
Erwinia amylovora

Invades through wounding in the soft tissues, usually flowers, buds, and young leaves

Travels through and on pollinators, pests, wind, and precipitation. Hailstorms can cause infections

Spread through the plant rapidly via vascular system

Named for its symptoms resembling fire damage Rapid necrosis, watery exudate for lesions, wilt, chlorosis
Affects species in Rosaceae

20
Q

Erwinia amylovora

A

Fire Blight (bacteria)

21
Q

Rose Rosette

A

VIRUS (MITES) Affects only roses
Emaravirus spp.

Vectored by eriopphyid mites

Causes abnormal growth, stunting, hyperthroniness, reddening of young tissue, proliferative growth, and aborted flowers

22
Q

Emaravirus spp.

A

Rose Rosette

23
Q

Tulip Break

A 
VIRUS (APHID)
Potyvirus spp. 
*Affects plant in Liliaceae 
*Causes the flower color to break from a single color 
*Now used to propagate colorful tulip
24
Q

Potyvirus spp.

A

Tulip Break

25
Q

Tomato Spotted Wilt

A

VIRUS (THRIPS)
Orthospovirus spp.

Causes ringspot on leaves, stunted growth, leaf cupping, dark streaks on stem, deformed fruit, wilt, and necrosis

26
Q

Orthospovirus spp.

A

Tomato Spotted Wilt

27
Q

Late Blight, Root Rot, Crown Rot (different names for same oomycete disease)

A

OOMYCETES

Phytophthora spp
• Slowly eats away at the root system

• Symptoms: mimics drought stress, chlorosis, necrosis, gum or dark sap exudate (in trees), black cankers on crown, brown roots that slough, stunting, stunt root growth

Spread by soil and water movement

28
Q

P Infestans

A

Type of blight that caused the Irish Potato Famine in the mid 17th century

OOMYCETES

29
Q

Phytophthora spp

A

OOMYCETES

Late Blight, Root Rot, Crown Rot

30
Q

Downy Mildew

A

OOMYCETES
Pernospora spp.
• Symptoms: large angular yellow patches on leaves that become necrotic, leaf underside will be water soaked

• Signs: lesions will contain brown or purple mycelia

• Can travel up to 1500 km in the wind and travel from Mexico to the US every year because it cannot overwinter here
Prefers cool nights and long dews

31
Q

Pernospora spp.

A

Downy Mildew

32
Q

Damping Off

A

OOMYCETES
Pythium spp.
• Symptoms: girdling at base of stem, like water stress, lodging

• Vectored on the feet of fungus gnats

• Cannot be controlled with crop rotation
Because these are also successful saprotrophs, they can survive long periods of time on dead leaf material

33
Q

Pythium spp.

A

Damping Off

34
Q

Southern Root Knot Nematode

A

Melodogyne incognita

Symptoms: extension galling on roots, excessive root branching, damaged root tips, chlorosis in leaves, stunting of growth, wilt

Induce gigantism in the nearby plant cells. These cells manufacture the necessary nutrients for nematodes—These Giant Cells are what cause the galls and lesions

35
Q

Melodogyne incognita

A

Southern Root Knot Nematode

36
Q

Cyst Nematode

A

Globodera spp. & Heterodera spp

Symptoms: chlorosis, root necrosis, stunting

Signs: Egg sacs or cysts form on the roots

Much like M incognita, the cyst nematodes feed by preparing a specialized feeding site out of the plant tissues

37
Q

Globodera spp. & Heterodera spp

A

Cyst Nematode

38
Q

Pine Wilt Disease

A

Bursaphelenchus xylophius

Insect vectored by pine sawyer beetle in the respiratory system

Symptoms: kills trees within a few months, chlorosis, necrosis, wilt
Feed near the resin ducts causing resin to leak into the vascular system causing cavitation

39
Q

Bursaphelenchus xylophius

A

Pine Wilt Disease

Weed & Disease (3 decks)

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