Intrinsic Kidney disease overviews

Question 1

What does nephritis mean:

Answer 1

Generic term to describe inflammation of kidneys

• Non-specific descriptive term - not diagnosis

Question 2

Nephritic syndrome: ( and classical features)

Answer 2

Refers to group of symptoms not a diagnosis:

FEATURES:
- Haematuria

• Oliguria - significantly reduced urine output
• Proteinuria - less that 3g/24hrs (any more and it becomes nephrotic syndrome)
• Fluid retention

Question 3

Nephrotic syndrome: (+criteria)

Answer 3

Refers to group of symptoms without specifying cause.

CRITERIA:
- Peripheral oedema

• Proteinuria - >3g/24hrs
• Serum albumin - less that 25g/L
• Hypercholesterolaemia

Question 4

Glomerulonephritis: Definition

Answer 4

Umbrella term applied to conditions that cause inflammation of/around the glomerulus and nephron.

Many conditions that can be described as this

Question 5

Interstitial nephritis: (and 2 diagnoses)

Answer 5

Term to describe situation where inflammation of the space between the cells and the tubules within the kidney.

• comprised of 2x specific diagnoses:
  
  1. acute interstitial nephritis
  2. chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis.

Question 6

Glomerulosclerosis:

Answer 6

Term to describe pathological process of scarring of tissue in the glomerulus

Not a diagnosis - just describes the damage of other diagnoses.

Can be caused by:

• any type of glomerulonephritis
• Obstructive uropathy
• Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (specific disease)