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Human Gross Anatomy > Intrinsic Back Muscles > Flashcards

Intrinsic Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the multifidus originate from?

A
  • Posterior sacrum
  • Posterior iliac spine of ilium
  • aponeurosis of erector spine
  • sacro-iliac ligaments
  • mammillary processes
  • transverse processes of T1-T3
  • articular processes of C4-C7
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2
Q

What intrinsic muscles make up the superficial muscles?

A

Splenius capitis( inserts at head)

Splenius cervicis (inserts at neck)

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3
Q

What are the general innervations for the Intrinsic back muscles?

A

Posterior rami of the spinal nerves

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4
Q

What are the muscles of the suboccipital triangle innervated by?

A

Posterior ramus of C1

SUBOCCIPITAL NERVE

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5
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the obilquus capitis superior muscles of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Origin: Transverse process of Atlas

Insertion: Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

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6
Q

Does the multifidus attach to the spinous process of every vertebrae?

A

Yes it does so obliquely superomedially

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7
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Rectus capitis posterior major?

A

Origin: Spinous process of vertebra C2

Insertion: Lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

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8
Q

What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?

A
  • Rectus capitis posterior minor
  • Rectus capitis posterior major
  • Obliquus capitis inferior
  • Obliquus capitis superior
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9
Q

What vertebrae does suboccipital triangle include?

A

Posterior aspect of C1 and C2 vertebrae

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10
Q

What is the action of semispinalis?

A

To extend cervical and thoracic vertebrae

To rotate the cervical and thoracic vertebral column contralaterally

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11
Q

What muscles are especially important in providing stability for your spine and slight rotation if they contract?

A

Multifidus and Rotatores are very small muscles located deep in the back.

Multifidus is located between the transverse process and spinous processes of all vertebrae. (2-4 segments or vertebrae)

Rotatores are located between the transverse processes and spinous processes. (1-2 vertebrae)

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12
Q

What is the role of the multifidus?

A

Stabilizes the vertrebrae during local movement

They extend the complete spine as long as they are innervated by the dorsal rami (C3–S3).

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13
Q

What is the suboccipital triangle deep to?

A
  • Superior part of posterior cervical region
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • splenius
  • semispinalis muscles
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14
Q

What intrinsic muscles make up the Deep Major muscles?

A

Transversospinalis

  • Rotatores
  • Mulitfidus
  • Semispinalis
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15
Q

What is the common origin attachment point for the erector spinae muscles?

A

A broad tendon that attaches inferiorly to the

  • posterior part of iliac crest
  • posterior aspect of sacrum
  • sacro-iliac ligaments
  • sacral and inferior lumbar processes
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16
Q
A
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17
Q

What is the splenius deep to?

A

Immediately deep to the serratus posterior superior

Extrinsic

  • Rhomboid major and minor
  • Trapezius
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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the obliquus capitis inferior

A

Origin: posterior tubercle of posterior arch of axis

Insertion: transverse process of atlas

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19
Q

What is distal attachment for splenius cervicis?

A

Tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4 vertebrae

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20
Q

What is the distal attachment for the spinalis?

A

fibers run superiorly to the spinous processes of the upper thoracic region to the cranium

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21
Q

What are the erector spinae muscles known for?

A

They are chief extensors of the vertebral column

22
Q

What are the contents of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Vertebral artery

Suboccipital nerve

23
Q

What intrinsic muscles make up the Erector spinae?

A

Spinalis (medial most)

Longissimus

Illiocostalis (lateral most)

(SLI)

24
Q

What is the greater occipital nerve?

A

C2

25
Q

What is at the roof of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Semispinalis capitis

26
Q

What is the distal attachment of the splenius capitis?

A

Fibers run superolaterally to the mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

27
Q

Where does the iliocostalis lumberum end?

A

At the lower 6 or 7th angle of ribs

28
Q

Why is the transversospinalis muscle group called this?

A
  • They originate from transverse processes of vertebrae and insert at spinous processes of superior vertebrae.
  • They occupy the gutter between the transverse and spinous processes
  • The laminae between them and the ligaments link them together
29
Q

What are the semispinalis innervated by and what is the action?

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Extends the head, neck, and thoracic vertebrae (Bilateral)

Rotates them contralaterally (Unilateral)

30
Q

What is the splenius muscle group innervated by?

A

Posterior rami of spinal nerves

31
Q

What is the distal attachment of the semispinalis?

A

Superomedial to occipital bone

Spinous processes of thoracic and cervical regions spanning 4-6 segments

32
Q

What is the only erector muscle with a lumborum portion?

A

Iliocostalis

Iliocostalis has cervicis, thoracis, lumberum

All the others only have thoracis, cervicis, capitis

33
Q

What is the distal attachment for Longissimus?

A

Fibers run superiorly to ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions and to mastoid process of temporal bone

34
Q

What is the multifidus?

A

It is the middle layer between the semipinalis and rotatores

Short, triangular muscular bundles

35
Q

Why are intrinsic muscles regarded as being true muscles?

A

All of their attachments are on the back of the body

These muscles perform movements on the back and vertebral column

36
Q

What is the origin of the rectus capitis posterior minor?

A

Origin: Posterior tubercle of posterior arch of Atlas

Insertion: Medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

37
Q

What is the proximal attachment of semispinalis?

A

Transverse processes of C4 to T2 vertebrae

38
Q

What innervates the erector spinae muscles?

A

Posterior rami of the spinal nerves

39
Q

Where is the multifidus thickest?

A
40
Q

What muscles make up the boundaries of the suboccipital triangles?

A

Supermedial : rectus capitis posterior major

Superlateral: obliquus capitis superior

Inferolateral: obliquus capitis inferior

41
Q

Are the erector spinae deep or intermediate intrinsic muscles of the back?

A

Intermediate

Deep to the splenius but superficial to the deep muscles of back

42
Q

What is the proximal attachment of splenius muscle?

A

Nuchal ligament

spinous processes of C7- T6 vertebrae

43
Q

Where does the semispinalis muscles originate from?

A

The transverse processes of T7-12 (Thoracis to cervicis)

Transverse processes of T6-C3 (Capitis)

44
Q

What is the action of the splenius?

A

Together: draw head and neck backward, extending neck

Individually: rotate head to side of active muscle (turn face to same side) (ipsilateral)

45
Q

How is each column (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis) divided?

A

They are divided regionally into three parts according to the superior or distal attachments.

Example

Spinalis capitis (head)

Spinalis cervicis (spinous process of cervical vertebrae)

Spinalis thoracis (spinous process of thoracic vertebrae)

46
Q

What is the triangle of auscalation?

A

This is a triangle in the lumbar region used to listen to sounds made by the thoracic region, particularly the lungs.

latissimus dorsi inferiorly

trapezius muscle superiorly

rhomboid major

47
Q

What is at the floor of the suboccipital triangle ?

A

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Posterior arch of atlas

48
Q

What is the distal attachment for the iliocostalis?

A

Fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes

49
Q

Where are the rotatores best developed?

A

Thoracic region

50
Q

What muscle is superficial to the splenius muscles of the neck?

A

The origin of the Descending trapezius fiber

51
Q

What fascia is the erector muscle deep to?

A

Thoracolumbar fascia

52
Q
A

Human Gross Anatomy (11 decks)

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