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Human Gross Anatomy > Intrinsic Back Muscles > Flashcards

Intrinsic Back Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the multifidus originate from?

A
  • Posterior sacrum
  • Posterior iliac spine of ilium
  • aponeurosis of erector spine
  • sacro-iliac ligaments
  • mammillary processes
  • transverse processes of T1-T3
  • articular processes of C4-C7
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2
Q

What intrinsic muscles make up the superficial muscles?

A

Splenius capitis( inserts at head)

Splenius cervicis (inserts at neck)

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3
Q

What are the general innervations for the Intrinsic back muscles?

A

Posterior rami of the spinal nerves

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4
Q

What are the muscles of the suboccipital triangle innervated by?

A

Posterior ramus of C1

SUBOCCIPITAL NERVE

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5
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the obilquus capitis superior muscles of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Origin: Transverse process of Atlas

Insertion: Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines

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6
Q

Does the multifidus attach to the spinous process of every vertebrae?

A

Yes it does so obliquely superomedially

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7
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Rectus capitis posterior major?

A

Origin: Spinous process of vertebra C2

Insertion: Lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone

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8
Q

What muscles make up the suboccipital triangle?

A
  • Rectus capitis posterior minor
  • Rectus capitis posterior major
  • Obliquus capitis inferior
  • Obliquus capitis superior
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9
Q

What vertebrae does suboccipital triangle include?

A

Posterior aspect of C1 and C2 vertebrae

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10
Q

What is the action of semispinalis?

A

To extend cervical and thoracic vertebrae

To rotate the cervical and thoracic vertebral column contralaterally

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11
Q

What muscles are especially important in providing stability for your spine and slight rotation if they contract?

A

Multifidus and Rotatores are very small muscles located deep in the back.

Multifidus is located between the transverse process and spinous processes of all vertebrae. (2-4 segments or vertebrae)

Rotatores are located between the transverse processes and spinous processes. (1-2 vertebrae)

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12
Q

What is the role of the multifidus?

A

Stabilizes the vertrebrae during local movement

They extend the complete spine as long as they are innervated by the dorsal rami (C3–S3).

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13
Q

What is the suboccipital triangle deep to?

A
  • Superior part of posterior cervical region
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • splenius
  • semispinalis muscles
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14
Q

What intrinsic muscles make up the Deep Major muscles?

A

Transversospinalis

  • Rotatores
  • Mulitfidus
  • Semispinalis
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15
Q

What is the common origin attachment point for the erector spinae muscles?

A

A broad tendon that attaches inferiorly to the

  • posterior part of iliac crest
  • posterior aspect of sacrum
  • sacro-iliac ligaments
  • sacral and inferior lumbar processes
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16
Q
A
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17
Q

What is the splenius deep to?

A

Immediately deep to the serratus posterior superior

Extrinsic

  • Rhomboid major and minor
  • Trapezius
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18
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the obliquus capitis inferior

A

Origin: posterior tubercle of posterior arch of axis

Insertion: transverse process of atlas

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19
Q

What is distal attachment for splenius cervicis?

A

Tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C3 or C4 vertebrae

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20
Q

What is the distal attachment for the spinalis?

A

fibers run superiorly to the spinous processes of the upper thoracic region to the cranium

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21
Q

What are the erector spinae muscles known for?

A

They are chief extensors of the vertebral column

22
Q

What are the contents of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Vertebral artery

Suboccipital nerve

23
Q

What intrinsic muscles make up the Erector spinae?

A

Spinalis (medial most)

Longissimus

Illiocostalis (lateral most)

(SLI)

24
Q

What is the greater occipital nerve?

25
What is at the roof of the suboccipital triangle?
Semispinalis capitis
26
What is the distal attachment of the splenius capitis?
Fibers run superolaterally to the mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral third of superior nuchal line of occipital bone
27
Where does the iliocostalis lumberum end?
At the lower 6 or 7th angle of ribs
28
Why is the transversospinalis muscle group called this?
* They **originate** from **transverse processes** of vertebrae and **insert** at **spinous processes of superior vertebrae.** * They occupy the gutter between the transverse and spinous processes * The laminae between them and the ligaments link them together
29
What are the semispinalis innervated by and what is the action?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves Extends the head, neck, and thoracic vertebrae (Bilateral) Rotates them contralaterally (Unilateral)
30
What is the splenius muscle group innervated by?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves
31
What is the distal attachment of the semispinalis?
Superomedial to occipital bone Spinous processes of thoracic and cervical regions spanning 4-6 segments
32
What is the only erector muscle with a lumborum portion?
Iliocostalis Iliocostalis has cervicis, thoracis, lumberum All the others only have thoracis, cervicis, capitis
33
What is the distal attachment for Longissimus?
Fibers run superiorly to ribs between tubercles and angles to transverse processes in thoracic and cervical regions and to mastoid process of temporal bone
34
What is the multifidus?
It is the middle layer between the semipinalis and rotatores Short, triangular muscular bundles
35
Why are intrinsic muscles regarded as being true muscles?
All of their attachments are on the back of the body These muscles perform movements on the back and vertebral column
36
What is the origin of the rectus capitis posterior minor?
Origin: Posterior tubercle of posterior arch of Atlas Insertion: Medial part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
37
What is the proximal attachment of semispinalis?
Transverse processes of C4 to T2 vertebrae
38
What innervates the erector spinae muscles?
Posterior rami of the spinal nerves
39
Where is the multifidus thickest?
40
What muscles make up the boundaries of the suboccipital triangles?
Supermedial : **rectus capitis posterior major** Superlateral: **obliquus capitis superior** Inferolateral: **obliquus capitis inferior**
41
Are the erector spinae deep or intermediate intrinsic muscles of the back?
**Intermediate** Deep to the splenius but superficial to the deep muscles of back
42
What is the proximal attachment of splenius muscle?
Nuchal ligament spinous processes of C7- T6 vertebrae
43
Where does the semispinalis muscles originate from?
The transverse processes of T7-12 (Thoracis to cervicis) Transverse processes of T6-C3 (Capitis)
44
What is the action of the splenius?
Together: draw head and neck backward, extending neck Individually: rotate head to side of active muscle (turn face to same side) (ipsilateral)
45
How is each column (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis) divided?
They are divided regionally into three parts according to the superior or distal attachments. Example Spinalis capitis (head) Spinalis cervicis (spinous process of cervical vertebrae) Spinalis thoracis (spinous process of thoracic vertebrae)
46
What is the triangle of auscalation?
This is a triangle in the lumbar region used to listen to sounds made by the thoracic region, particularly the lungs. latissimus dorsi inferiorly trapezius muscle superiorly rhomboid major
47
What is at the floor of the suboccipital triangle ?
Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane Posterior arch of atlas
48
What is the distal attachment for the iliocostalis?
Fibers run superiorly to angles of lower ribs and cervical transverse processes
49
Where are the rotatores best developed?
Thoracic region
50
What muscle is superficial to the splenius muscles of the neck?
The origin of the Descending trapezius fiber
51
What fascia is the erector muscle deep to?
Thoracolumbar fascia
52

Human Gross Anatomy (11 decks)

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