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MCN > Intrapartal Lesson 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Intrapartal Lesson 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the culmination of the childbearing cycle and it is the
intense period during which the product of conception is expelled from the uterus.

A

Labor and Delivery

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2
Q

the process by which the product of conception (viable fetus, placenta, fetal membrane) are expelled from the uterus via the vagina into the external environment. DELIVERY is the expulsion of the product of conception.

A

Labor

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3
Q

expulsion of the product of conception.

A

Delivery

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4
Q

what are the synonyms of labor and delivery?

A

Parturition,
Accouchment,
Travail,
Confinement.

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5
Q

the woman in labor

A

Parturients

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6
Q

normal labor

A

Eutocia

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7
Q

difficult labor

A

Dystocia

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8
Q

greek word; meaning woman’s servant

A

Doula

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9
Q

What are the Theories of Labor?

A

Uterine Stretch Theory
Oxytocin Theory
Progesterone Deprivation Theory
Prostaglandin (Estrogenic, Fetal hormone theory)
Theory of Aging Placenta

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10
Q

The uterine muscle stretches from the increasing size of the fetus, which results in release of…

A

Prostaglandins

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11
Q

as pregnancy near terms oxytocin production by PPG increases whole the production of _____________ ( a hormone that counteract effect of oxytocin.

A

Oxytocinase

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12
Q

labor considered a stressful event stimulates hypothalamus to produce oxytocin from posterior pituitary gland, oxytocin causes contraction of smooth muscle of the body
o The fetus presses on the cervix, which stimulates the release of OXYTOCIN from the posterior pituitary.

A

Oxytocin Theory

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13
Q

➢ progesterone is the hormone being designed to promote pregnancy believed to inhibit uterine motility since the amount is decreased, uterine contraction occurs
➢ when progesterone, the hormone that relaxes uterine musculature, decreases in level, with corresponding increase in estrogen, uterine muscle is stimulate thus labor starts

A

Progesterone Deprivation Theory

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14
Q

When pregnancy reaches term, the fetal membrane produces large amount of _________________ which is converted by maternal deciduas into prostaglandin, that initiates uterine contractions.

A

Arachidonic Acid

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15
Q

➢ due to the decreased blood supply to the placenta the uterus contracts
➢ as placenta mature more and more pressure is exerted at the placental site which is the fundal portion, upper 1/3 resulting to decreased blood supply to the fundus which also happen to the contractile portion of the uterus, thus
causing contraction
o The placenta reaches a set age, which triggers contractions.

A

Theory of Aging Placenta

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16
Q

Preliminary/Prodromal Signs of Labor

A

Lightening
Increased Braxton Hick’s Contraction
Loss of Weight
Increased Maternal Energy or Activity Level
Ripening of the Cervix
Rupture of the Membrane or Bag of Water
Show

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17
Q

thebabydropped“-setting/descentofthefetalheadintothe
pelvic brim/true labor
- secures approximately 10-14 days

A

Lightening

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18
Q

When does lightening for primis occurs?

A

occurs 2 weeks before the onset of labor because of tight abdominal muscles

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19
Q

When does lightening for Multis occur?

A

on or before labor onset

20
Q

it is not exactly the same as lightening, the descent of the biparietal plane of the fetal head to a level below that of the pelvic inlet
- the descent of the biparietal plane of the fetal head to the level below that of the pelvic inlet
widest part of the fetus – the biparietal diameter in a cephalic presentation, the intertrochanteric diameter in breech presentation

A

Engagement

21
Q

the decent of the fetal head to the inlet to a level below that of the pelvic inlet.

A

Fixation

22
Q

when the head is still movable above the pelvic inlet on palpation.

A

Floating

23
Q

when does increased braxton hick’s contraction occurs?

A

3-4 weeks before labor

24
Q

normal loss of weight one to two weeks before labor

A

2-3lbs

25
Q

Nursing Care for Increasing Maternal Energy or Activity Level

A

advice the mother not to use this feeling of well being for doing household
chores but to save it for labor and delivery

26
Q

indications for ruptured bag of water

A

a. labor is inevitable
b. infection can easily set in
c. umbilical compression or cord prolapse

27
Q

pinkish vaginal discharge due to the pressure of the presenting part causes rupture of the minute capillaries

A

Show

28
Q

Signs of Labor

A

Uterine Contractions
Effacement
Dilatation
Uterine Change

29
Q
  • surest sign that labor has begun with effective and
    productive uterine contraction
  • can be voluntary and come without any warning and can be alarming to the
    person
A

Uterine Contraction

30
Q

agent that prepares the uterus and the cervix for labor - causes the uterus to become irritable and cervix to soften

A

Uterotropin

31
Q

agent cause uterine contraction ( Oxy, Prostaglandin)

A

Uterotonin

32
Q

Characteristics of Uterine Contraction:

A

Intermittent
Involuntary
Regualr

33
Q

Phases of Uterine Contraction:

A

Increment/ crescendo
Acme/ apex
Decrement/ decrescendo

34
Q

first phase during which intensity of contraction increases (longest phase)

A

Increment/ crescendo

35
Q

known as the height of contraction/peak of contraction

A

Acme/ apex

36
Q

last phase in which uterine contraction
decreases/muscle starts to relax

A

Decrement/ decrescendo

37
Q

• shortening and thinning of the cervical canal from 1-2 cm, the one in which no canal as distinct from the uterus exist
• it is expressed in percentage (%)
• refers to the cervical canal
• thinning and shortening of cervical canal from 25%-100% (100% - paper thin)

A

Effacement

38
Q

• progress by which the cervix opens
• specifically referring to the external cervical os
• expressed in cm
• refers to the widening and opening of the cervix from 0-10 cm

A

Dilatation

39
Q

uterus is gradually differentiated into 2 distinct portion

A

Uterine Change

40
Q

➢ thick/ active to expel the fetus
➢ only part which contract
➢ the round ligaments of the uterus become tense during dilatation and
expulsion, causing an abdominal indentation( a danger sign of labor
signifying impending rupture of the uterus if obstruction is not relieved

A

Upper uterine segment

41
Q

➢ become thin walled supple and passive – to accommodate the descending fetus and facilitates its expulsion (so that fetus can be pushed out easily)

A

Lower uterine segment

42
Q
  • formed between the boundary of the upper and lower uterine segment
A

Physiologic Retraction Ring

43
Q

a ridge around the inside of the uterus that forms during the second stage of normal labor at the junction of the thinned lower uterine segment and thickened upper segment. It forms as a result of progressive lengthening of the muscle fibers of the lower segment and concomitant shortening of the muscle
fibers of the upper segment

A

Physiologic Retracting Ring

44
Q
  • seen in difficult labor when fetus is no larger than the birth canal
A

Band’ls Pathologic Retraction Ring

45
Q

It is the rising up retraction ring during obstructed labour due to marked retraction and thickening of the upper uterine segment while the relatively passive lower segment is markedly stretched and thinned to accommodate the
foetus
is seen and felt abdominally as a transverse groove that may rise to or above the umbilicus

A

Band’ls Pathologic Retraction Ring

MCN (5 decks)

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