Intraoral Radiographic Techniques Flashcards
Periapical View
• Encompasses entire length of crown and root of teeth
• In addition, at least ___ of bone beyond apex should be seen and…
2 mm
Bitewing Views
• Shows the crowns and ___ of the roots of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth and…
• Surrounding ___ and…
• ___ contacts
one third
crestal bone
interproximal contacts
Indications for Bitewings
• Indicated when teeth are in contact and occlusion
• Clinical suspicion of proximal surfaces
• History of ___ caries
• Proximity of caries or restoration to pulp
smooth surface
Indications for Bitewings
• Need to visualize ___ of restorations for ___, open margins, or recurrent caries
• ___– active or in remission
proximal margins
overhangs
periodontal disease
Indications for Periapicals • Extensive \_\_\_ • Extensive caries • Irreversible \_\_\_ or pulpal necrosis • History of disease • History of \_\_\_ or periodontal treatment • Pain/discomfort • \_\_\_ and/or \_\_\_ • \_\_\_of teeth • Trauma
restorations pulpitis RCT swelling fistula mobility
Paralleling Technique
• Film is held ___ to the long axis of the tooth. This may require a ___ Object- Film distance (shallow palate).
• X-ray beam is positioned ___ to the film
• Source to object distance should be ___ to minimize magnification
parallel
longer
perpendicular
maximized
Paralleling Technique
Advantages:
• Images of teeth are dimensionally ___. There is ___ geometric distortion
• ___ non-diagnostic radiation to the patient by allowing ___ collimation and longer ___
accurate minimal reduces rectangular F-O-D (film to object distance)
Paralleling Technique Disadvantages: • Large Object-Film distance which may increase the \_\_\_ and decrease the \_\_\_ • Difficult placement in smaller mouths • Difficult placement around \_\_\_
magnification
sharpness
tori
Bisecting-angle Technique
Based on Cieszynski’s ___
• In 1907 Cieszynski applied the rule of isometry to dental radiography, and established that in the production of an accurate image of a tooth, the central ray must be projected ___ to a ___ formed by the longitudinal axis of the tooth and the film
plane.
rule of isometry
perpendicularly
plane bisecting angle
Bisecting-angle Technique
Based on Cieszynski’s Rule of Isometry
• Two triangles are equal when they share one complete side and have two equal angles
• One angle is formed by tooth and film
• ___ creates two equal angles
• X ray beam creates ___ of triangle
• Size of image on film should be same as that of the ___
imaginary bisector
base
tooth
Bisecting-angle Technique
Advantages:
• Ease of ___–especially in smaller mouths
• Allows use of ___ (due to minimal object-film distance) for simpler positioning of X-ray tube head
placement
shorter cone
Bisecting-angle Technique
Disadvantages:
• Difficult to ___film for correct angulation and position
• May allow for film to ___ prior to exposure
• Difficult to obtain dimensionally ___ images
visualize
slip or bend
accurate
The Full Mouth Series
• Defined as “the radiographs ___ to visualize the ___ and its supporting structures”
necessary
entire dentition
Bitewings
Show crowns and portion of roots of maxillary and mandibular posterior teeth
Used to detect ___ and ___ height
Also helpful for assessing: Proximal surfaces of restorations Depth of caries
Presence of calculus
proximal caries
crestal bone
Vertical Bitewings
Indicated when there is evidence or history of ___ loss
Fields of view are similar to ___ bitewings
periodontal bone
horizontal
Size 4 is used for ______; ____ and ____ are not used anymore
occlusal
size 4
size 3
CMOS -> _____ -> each pixel acts ______
CCD -> pixels _____ -> “_____”
APS
individually
group
bucket
film = _____
analog
what do you see in the mandible symphysis?
mental ridge
what are occlusals used to see primarily?
salivary stones and expansions
inverse square law
2x the distance bt S/O; intensity beam decrease 4x (double)
BISECTING ANGLE
perpindicular to long axis -> _____
perp to detector -> _____
imaginary bisector makes this technique _____
elongated
shortened
subjective
XCP-ORA
works with all _____
prevents _____
_____-coded
biteblocks
cone cutting
color
furthest distance for S/O: _____
shortest distance for S/O: _____
16”
6”
