Intramolecular bonds vs intermolecular forces Flashcards
intramolecular bonding
bonds between atoms of a molecule
intermolecular forces
forces of attraction between molecules, what hold molecules together in liquid and solid forms
what are the two factors that influence the strength of an intramolecular bond
- length - smaller length=sstronger bond
- number of electrons shared - more electrons=stronger bonds
3 types of intermolecular forces, weakest to strongest
- dispersion forces
- dipole-dipole attraction
- hydrogen bonding (special type of dipole-dipole)
what molecules experience dispersion forces
all molecules, regardless of polarity
was causes dispersion forces
by random electron movement within a molecule, aka instantaneou/temporary dipole. this means that one side of the molecules will be slightly more negative
when does dispersion forces occur often
in larger molecules as there are more electrons so the probability of an instantaneous dipole occuring is more likely
which molecules are dispersion forces stronger
larger molecules, greater surface area
what molecules do dipole-dipole attractions occur in
polar molecules that have a permanant dipole
what makes dipole-dipole attraction stonger than dispersion forces
the molecules are electrostatically attrcated to each other due to the different dipoles, stronger because the different in electronegativity is greater
what forces to polar molecules experience
dispersion and dipole-dipole
what molecules have hydrogen bonding
its a type of dipole-dipole attaction, so between polar molecules where hydrogen is directly bonded to fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen
what causes hydrogen bonding to be the strongest
hydrogen and fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen have a large difference in electronegativity, causing a much stronger attraction
the stronger the forces…
the more energy required and harder it is to break them
what does temporary dipole iiin one molecule cauuse
induce temporary dipoles in neighbouring molecules
