Intracranial pressure disorders Flashcards
Brain tumor : Types
1. Glioma : Glial cell tumors, surround and support neurons
* Astrocytoma } most common + malignant form
2. Meningiomas : tumor of cells from the meninges
* Benign
* Mass effect - Increasing IC pressure
3. Secondary metastases
* Lung, Breast, Renal, Melanoma
Brain tumor : Clinical presentation
Increased IC pressure
1 . Chronic / Nocturnal Headache
* Worse on movement : walking, straining, bending forward
* Vomitting
2 . Papilloedema- swelling of optic disc
CSF pressure on optic nerve sheath, increases pressure around optic nerve
* Visual field defect, Ptosis, visual nerve palsy
Brain tumor : Diagnosis
1. First line : MRI
2. Biopsy for Histology
Pituitary tumors : Clinical features
- Benign - excess growth may cause
* __Bitemporal hemianopia_ - pressure on optic chiasm__
* __Hypo/Hyper pituritarism__
Pituitary tumors : Mx
- __Trans-sphenoidal surgery__ (through the nose and sphenoid bone)
- __Radiotherapy__
diopathic intracranial hypertension : Definition
_1._ Neurological disorder characterized by __increased intracranial pressure without an identifiable cause.__
2. Likely secondary to impaired CSF absorption associated with hormonal changes from increased adipose tissue.
_3._ Classically seen in __young, overweight females__
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension : Clinical features
classically seen in __young, overweight females__
1. Severe Headache - worse with movement
2. Sx of increased IC pressure
* Visual disturbances : blurred vision, diplopia, visual field defect
* Papilloedema : swelling of optic disc
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension : Risk factors
- Overweight women
- Pregnancy
- Drugs : COCP, Steroids, Retinoids
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension : Mx
- Weight loss
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide)
- Topirimate
- LP } acute sx relief
- Surgery : IC Shunt