Intracranial pressure disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Brain tumor : Types

A

1. Glioma : Glial cell tumors, surround and support neurons
* Astrocytoma } most common + malignant form

2. Meningiomas : tumor of cells from the meninges
* Benign
* Mass effect - Increasing IC pressure

3. Secondary metastases
* Lung, Breast, Renal, Melanoma

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2
Q

Brain tumor : Clinical presentation

A

Increased IC pressure
1 . Chronic / Nocturnal Headache
* Worse on movement : walking, straining, bending forward
* Vomitting

2 . Papilloedema- swelling of optic disc
CSF pressure on optic nerve sheath, increases pressure around optic nerve
* Visual field defect, Ptosis, visual nerve palsy

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3
Q

Brain tumor : Diagnosis

A

1. First line : MRI
2. Biopsy for Histology

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3
Q

Pituitary tumors : Clinical features

A
  1. Benign - excess growth may cause
    * __Bitemporal hemianopia_ - pressure on optic chiasm__
    * __Hypo/Hyper pituritarism__
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4
Q

Pituitary tumors : Mx

A
  • __Trans-sphenoidal surgery__ (through the nose and sphenoid bone)
  • __Radiotherapy__
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4
Q

diopathic intracranial hypertension : Definition

A

_1._ Neurological disorder characterized by __increased intracranial pressure without an identifiable cause.__

2. Likely secondary to impaired CSF absorption associated with hormonal changes from increased adipose tissue.

_3._ Classically seen in __young, overweight females__

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5
Q

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension : Clinical features

A

classically seen in __young, overweight females__
1. Severe Headache - worse with movement
2. Sx of increased IC pressure
* Visual disturbances : blurred vision, diplopia, visual field defect
* Papilloedema : swelling of optic disc

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6
Q

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension : Risk factors

A
  1. Overweight women
  2. Pregnancy
  3. Drugs : COCP, Steroids, Retinoids
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7
Q

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension : Mx

A
  1. Weight loss
  2. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide)
  3. Topirimate
  4. LP } acute sx relief
  5. Surgery : IC Shunt
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