INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE

Question 1

pressure exerted by cranial contents against the skull

Answer 1

intracranial pressure

Question 2

cranial contents of the brain

Answer 2

brain
blood
csf

Question 3

normal ICP

Answer 3

10 to 20 mmHg

Question 4

the pressure that pushes oxygenated blood into the brain

Answer 4

cerebral perfusion pressure

Question 5

normal CPP

Answer 5

70 to 100 mmHg

Question 6

how does ICP affects CPP?

Answer 6

CPP decreases when ICP increases

Question 7

priority nsg dx for increased icp

Answer 7

ineffective cerebral tissue perfusion

Question 8

early or late: changes in LOC

Answer 8

early

Question 9

early or late: headache/dizziness

Answer 9

early

Question 10

early or late: seizure

Answer 10

can be both

Question 11

early or late: changes in speech

Answer 11

early

Question 12

early or late: vomiting

Answer 12

can be both

Question 13

swelling of the optic disc

Answer 13

papilledema

Question 14

early or late: papilledema

Answer 14

early

Question 15

early or late: cushing’s triad

Answer 15

late

Question 16

cushing’s triad s/sx

Answer 16

inc. systolic pressure
dec. pulse
dec. respiratory rate

Question 17

early or late: fever

Answer 17

late

Question 18

early or late: pupillary change

Answer 18

late

Question 19

early or late: impaired eye movement

Answer 19

late

Question 20

early or late: decerebrate

Answer 20

late

Question 21

early or late: decorticate

Answer 21

late

Question 22

early or late: flaccid

Answer 22

late

Question 23

early or late: dec. motor function

Answer 23

late

Question 24

indication of 8 and below GCS scoring

Answer 24

possible brain damage

Question 25

a concept where how the body compensates when ICP is increased

Answer 25

monro-kellie hypothesis

Question 26

what is the first compensatory mechanism according to monro-kellie hypothesis?

Answer 26

displacement of CSF to decrease ICP

Question 27

how does displacement of CSF occurs when there is increased ICP?

Answer 27

some of the CSF will go to the spinal cord to decrease the pressure in the brain

Question 28

what is the second compensatory mechanism according to monro-kellie hypothesis?

Answer 28

decrease blood in the brain

Question 29

what is the first blood to be decreased?

Answer 29

venous blood

Question 30

where will the venus blood go so that pressure in the brain will decrease?

Answer 30

heart

Question 31

what is the third compensatory mechanism according to monro-kellie hypothesis?

Answer 31

increasing systolic pressure

Question 32

what is the last compensatory mechanism according to monro-kellie hypothesis?

Answer 32

brain herniation

Question 33

why does the pulse and respiratory rate decrease during brain herniation?

Answer 33

herniation causes compression on brainstem where cardiovascular and respiratory center is located

Question 34

best position for patient with increased ICP

Answer 34

low fowlers head and neck aligned

Question 35

why is low fowler's position ideal for patients with increased ICP

Answer 35

to promote venous return to the heart

Question 36

why do we need to give O2 to patients with increased ICP

Answer 36

to help cerebral oxygenation

Question 37

osmotic diuretic needed in patients with inc. ICP

Answer 37

mannitol

Question 38

why do we need to do transient hyperventilation in patients with inc. ICP?

Answer 38

to decrease PCO2 to decrease ICP

Question 39

ways to reduce brain metabolism

Answer 39

manage fever low dose sedative

Question 40

why do we need to reduce brain metabolism in patients with inc. ICP?

Answer 40

because inc. metabolism = inc. need of oxygen which compromises cerebral perfusion