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NEUROLOGIC NURSING > ANAPHYSIO > Flashcards

ANAPHYSIO Flashcards

1
Q

what composes of the CNS?

A

brain
spinal cord

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2
Q

what composes of the PNS?

A

spinal and cranial nerves

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3
Q

this is the functional unit of the NS

A

neurons

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4
Q

what are neurons responsible for?

A

conductivity and impulse transmission

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5
Q

these are the supporting cells of NS and incapable of impulse transmission

A

neuroglia/glial cells

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6
Q

a type of glial cell that supports the nerve fibers

A

astrocytes

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7
Q

a type of glial cell that supports the ventricles of the brain

A

ependymal cells

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8
Q

a type of glial cell that produces myelin sheath in the CNS

A

oligodendrocytes/oligodendroglia cells

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9
Q

a type of glial cell that produces myelin sheath in the PNS

A

schwan cells

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10
Q

these are glial cells that serves as the macrophages of the NS

A

microglia

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11
Q

function of microglia

A

protect the NS from foreign body invasion

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12
Q

this is known as the true brain and the seat of higher faculties

A

cerebrum

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13
Q

another term for cerebrum

A

cerebral hemisphere

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14
Q

how many portions do the cerebrum has?

A

2; right and left

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15
Q

this is the largest lobe in the cerebrum that is responsible for motor function and behavior

A

frontal lobe

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16
Q

another important part of frontal lobe

A

speech area

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17
Q

this is responsible for the expressive speech of a person

A

broca’s area

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18
Q

if there is a stroke patient with affected broca’s area, what manifestation would they exhibit?

A

broca’s aphasia

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19
Q

this is known as having paralysis on one side of the body

A

hemiplegia

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20
Q

this is known as having weakness on one side of the body

A

hemiparesis

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21
Q

this is responsible for making sense of the world as this part interpret sensations

A

parietal lobe

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22
Q

what can be the manifestation if the parietal lobe is damaged?

A

paresthesia

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23
Q

broca’s aphasia + wernicke’s/receptive aphasia

A

global aphasia

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24
Q

a lobe in the cerebrum that is responsible for hearing, language comprehension, memory formation, and processing sensory information, particularly auditory and visual information

A

temporal lobe

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25
what do you call the speech area in the temporal lobe?
wernicke's area
26
what do you call the speech area in the frontal lobe?
broca's area
27
this is responsible for receptive speech of a person
wernicke's area
28
if there is a stroke patient with affected wernicke's area, what manifestation would they exhibit?
receptive aphasia
29
what are the lobes of the cerebrum?
frontal lobe parietal lobe temporal lobe occipital lobe
30
a lobe in the cerebrum responsible for being the center of vision
occipital lobe
31
what system in the brain is responsible for overall emotions and behavior?
limbic system
32
what can happen if limbic system of a person is removed?
changes in behavior
33
what s/sx are seen in kluver bucy syndrome?
antisocial loss of fear sexually pervert voracious eater
34
what composes of the limbic system?
frontal lobe temporal lobe hypothalamus
35
this is known as the seat of emotions
hypothalamus
36
a part of the brain known as the little cerebrum
cerebellum
37
functions of the cerebellum
balancing and coordination of movement
38
this term is defined as having wide base gait
ataxia
39
lobe of the cerebellum responsible for posture and reflexes
anterior lobe
40
lobe of the cerebellum responsible for muscle movement, muscle tone, muscle coordination
posterior lobe
41
lobe of the cerebellum responsible for equilibrium
flocculo nodular lobe
42
this is an important related structure of basal ganglia that is dopamine secreting neuron
substantia nigra
43
function of basal ganglia
movement - coordination - fine motor movement - control of movement
44
this is due to the overused or increased dosage of antipsychotic drugs that blocks dopamine
extrapyramidal symptoms
45
what are the s/sx seen in EPS?
pseudoparkinsonism akathisia dystonia tardive dyskinesia
46
this is the vital center of the brain and where cranial nerves originated
brainstem
47
a part of brainstem where cardiovascular and respiratory center is located
medulla
48
where does the spinal cord starts and ends?
medulla to foramen magnum
49
function of spinal cord in which there is an involuntary response to a stimulus
center of reflex
50
function of spinal cord that carry information up and down the spinal cord between brain and body
passageway of tracts
51
these tracts carry sensory information from the body to the brain
ascending tracts
52
these tracts transmit motor commands from the brain to the body via the spinal cord
descending tracts
53
how many spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs
54
what are the spinal nerves?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal
55
how many cervical nerves are there?
8; c1 to c8
56
how many thoracic nerves are there?
12; t1 to t12
57
how many lumbar nerves are there?
5; l1 to l5
58
how many sacral nerves are there?
5; s1 to s5
59
how many coccygeal nerves are there?
1
60
most important branch of cervical nerves
c3 and c4
61
why is c3 and c4 most important branch of cervical nerves?
it has phrenic nerve that supplies the diaphragm
62
what part of the body does the cervical nerves innervate?
upper extremities
63
what part of the body does the thoracic nerves innervate?
thorax
64
bony structures of the NS
skull vertebrae
65
this meninges covers the brain and spine
dura mater
66
this is the middle most part of the meninges
arachnoid mater
67
this is the innermost layer of the meninges
pia mater
68
where is CSF located?
subarachnoid space
69
what comes after the skull?
epidural space
70
what comes after the epidural?
dura mater
71
what comes after the dura mater?
subdural space
72
what comes after the subdural?
arachnoid mater
73
what comes after the arachnoid mater?
subarachnoid space
74
what comes after the subarachnoid space
pia mater
75
what are the three layers of the meninges?
dura mater arachnoid mater pia mater
76
this is a three protective layers of tissue surrounding the brain and spinal cord
meninges
77
it is a clear colorless liquid that acts as a cushion of the brain and the spinal cord
CSF
78
normal glucose level of CSF
50 to 80 mg/dl
79
normal CSF value
150 ml
80
contents of CSF
glucose protein some salt
81
this is a crucial semi-permeable membrane that protects the brain from harmful substances in the bloodstream by selectively regulating the passage of molecules and ions, while also allowing essential nutrients and water-soluble substances to enter
blood brain barrier
82
this is where the CSF is produced and drains out
choroid plexus

NEUROLOGIC NURSING (9 decks)

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