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Virology Test 3 > Intracellular Trafficking > Flashcards

Intracellular Trafficking Flashcards

1
Q

Virion components are produced in multiple cellular “compartments” T/F

A

T

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2
Q

Animal cell diameters range between

A

10-30 micrometers

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3
Q

_____ is not sufficient for intracellular trafficking

A

diffusion

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4
Q

Viral components are most commonly moved on

A

microtubules

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5
Q

Assembly of most ___ virus takes place in the nucleus

A

DNA ex. adenovirus, papillomavirus

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6
Q

Structural proteins are ____ into the nucleus after syn.

A

imported

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7
Q

Assembly of herpesvirus is within the ____; however it is finished at _______ sites.

A

nucleus; extra-nuclear

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8
Q

All viral structural proteins enter the nucleus via the ___________

A

normal cellular pathway of nuclear protein import

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9
Q

Proteins destined for the nucleus encode ______

A

nuclear localization signals

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10
Q

The nuclear localization signals are recognized by the

A

nuclear import machinery

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11
Q

Entry into the nucleus can be done when the protein is ____; such as polyomavirus, or via a ____ _____, such as an adenoviral protein

A

preassembled; viral chaperone

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12
Q

The nucleus has 3k to 4k ____ _____ _____, each with a very high translocation capacity

A

nuclear pore complex

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13
Q

_____ ______ depends on the limited supply of soluble transport proteins.

A

Nuclear import

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14
Q

viral and cellular proteins ____ for entry into the nucleus

A

compete

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15
Q

large DNA viruses produce so many structural proteins that cellular protein synthesis is _____

A

inhibited

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16
Q

Many viral structural proteins enter infected nuclei as _____ structural components

A

multimeric

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17
Q

viral membrane proteins reach their destination via the cellular ____ ______

A

secretory pathway

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18
Q

Viral envelope glycoproteins are translated into the ___ _____ and folded and assembled there

A

ER lumen

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19
Q

They travel via ______ _______ to and through the golgi apparatus and from golgi to plasma membrane

A

transport vesicles

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20
Q

The _____ ______ of the virus and the viral genome are also directed to plasma membrane sites of assembly

A

internal proteins

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21
Q

Transmembrane segments of glycoproteins usually separate _____ extracellular from _____cytoplasmic domains

A

large; smaller

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22
Q

________ domains are crucial for viral entry, whereas the ______ are important in virus assembly

A

extracellular; intracellular

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23
Q

Ribosomes synthesizing proteins for the secretory pathway are generally found on the ____ face of the ___

A

Cytoplasmic; ER

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24
Q

The association of ribosomes with the ER membrane is directed by a short sequence in the ____ protein called the ____ _____>

A

nascent; signal peptide

25
Q

Signal peptides are found at the __-termini of proteins destined for the secretory pathway

A

N

26
Q

Signal peptides are approximately ____ amino acids in length

A

20

27
Q

The signal peptide is recognized by the ____ _____ _____

A

signal recognition particle

28
Q

What are the steps of influenza virus HA0 protein maturation?

A
  1. Translocation 2. disulfide bond formation/glycosylation 3. protein folding
29
Q

Translocation continues until what enters the ER lumen?

A

The entire polypeptide chain

30
Q

The folding and initial _______ ______ of proteins that enter the secretory pathway take place in the ER

A

postranslational modification

31
Q

The lumen contains many ____; which help to catalyze chemical modifications such as disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, folding promotion, oligomerization

A

enzymes

32
Q

Viral envelope glycoproteins are modified by the addition of oligosaccharides to _____, ______, or _____

A

asparagine, serine, or threonine

33
Q

each glycoprotein population comprises a heterogenous mix of _____

A

glycoforms

34
Q

The hydrophilic oligosaccharides are present on the surface of a virus, creating a ____ ____, which in effect masks the protein’s surfaces and epitopes which can be recognized by _____ antibodies

A

sugar shell; antiviral

35
Q

Intramolecular disulfide bonds occur between pairs of ____ residues

A

cysteine

36
Q

disulfide bonds would rarely form in the ____ environment of the cytoplasm; but the ____ environment of the ER lumen is a good location for this

A

reducing; oxidizing

37
Q

most viral membrane proteins are _____ that assemble as their constituent protein chains are folded and covalently modified.

A

oligomers

38
Q

This assembly begins in the ____ as the surfaces that mediate interactions among protein subunits adopt the correct conformation.

A

ER

39
Q

HA0 _____are constricted to the ER lumen, whereas _____ are found in this and subsequent compartments of the secretory pathway.

A

monomers, trimers

40
Q

Herpes simplex type 1 proteins gH and gL must ____ with each other in order to leave the ER

A

interact

41
Q

The first step of the secretory pathway is transport of the folded protein from the ____ to the ____

A

ER; Golgi

42
Q

Proteins enter the Golgi Apparatus from the ER via the ___-_____ network.

A

cis-golgi

43
Q

The ___-____ network forms the exit face of the Golgi.

A

trans-golgi

44
Q

Some viral envelope glycoproteins are also processed by cellular enzymes in late Golgi compartments. T/F

A

T

45
Q

Retroviral envelope proteins are cleaved in the trans-golgi to form the TM (transmembrane) and SU (surface unit) subunits from the precursor t/f. What is also cleaved here? What is this essential for?

A

T; HA0 into HA1 and HA2; formation of an infectious particle. not necessary for assembly

46
Q

in Neurons, transport to (anterograde) synaptic vesicles is controlled by ____ motors. transport to the nucleus (retrograde) is controlled by ____ motors. This is performed along what cellular structure?

A

kinesin; dynein; microtubules

47
Q

Several virus encode proteins that _____ transport of MHC I molecules to the plasma membrane

A

interfere with

48
Q

Adenovirus ___ protein binds to MHC in the ___ and prevents exit

A

E3; ER

49
Q

Human cytomegalovirus US11 and US2 gene products induce transport of MHC from the ER to the ____ for rapid degradation by what cellular enzyme? HIV1 ___ protein induces selective degradation of new MHCI by a similar mechanism

A

cytosol; proteasome; Vpu

50
Q

Viral envelopes can be acquired from a variety of ____ membranes, not just the plasma membrane. Most assemble at the ____ face of compartments of the _____ pathway

A

internal membranes; cytoplasmic; secretory

51
Q

Complex virus such as herpesvirus and poxvirus interact with ___ ____ ____ during assembly and exocytosis

A

multiple internal membranes

52
Q

Viral assembly site is determined by the ____ location of _____ _____ ____

A

intracellular; viral envelope proteins

53
Q

The synthesis and packing of most ___ genomes takes place in the infected ____ ____

A

DNA; cell nucleus

54
Q

For most RNA virus, packing and assembly takes place in the _____. These genomes must be relocated to the appropriate ______

A

cytoplasm; cytoplasmic membrane

55
Q

Retroviral RNA genomes are -___ RNA transcripts synthesized in cell nuclei by host cell ____ ____ __.
These genomes must be exported where for assembly? Because of cellular regulations preventing unspliced RNA export from the nucleus; ____ _____ _____ must be encoded to promote their export. What is an example?

A

unspliced; RNA Pol II; the cytoplasm; viral RNA-binding proteins; HIV Rev1

56
Q

Genomic segments are bound to NP as they are syn. and then by the M1 protein. What does this support? M1 containing RNP are directed to the exportin-1 pathway after binding a NEP that contains a ____ ____ ____

A

Ribonucleoprotein export; nuclear export signal

57
Q

The NEP contains a C-terminal ___ _____ ____

A

M1 Binding domain

58
Q

The M1 interacts with the membrane, cytoplasmic domains of HA and NA glycoproteins to initiate assembly and release of enveloped particles.

A

T

59
Q

Retroviral proteins that mediate membrane association of genomic RNA are similar to _____ ______ of (-) strand RNA virus. Retroviral RNA is translated on ribosomes into ___. What does Gag transport?

A

matrix proteins; Gag; unspliced viral mRNA

Virology Test 3 (6 decks)

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