Intracellular Signaling

Question 1

Reception

Answer 1

Intracellular or Cell Surface

Ligands NEVER go into the cell; only the signal/message

Shape change triggers transduction

Question 2

Transduction

Answer 2

Signal Cascade

Adding and removing phosphates to toggle protein activity on or off

Question 3

Phosphorilation

Answer 3

Adding a phosphate

Question 4

DePhosphorilation

Answer 4

Removing a phosphate

Question 5

Protein Kinase

Answer 5

Add phosphates

Turns on

Question 6

Protein phosphates

Answer 6

Removes phosphates

Turns off

Question 7

Second messenger

Answer 7

Small
Water soluble
Readily diffusible

Question 8

cAMP

Answer 8

Activates a protein kinase

Question 9

ATP ➡️ cAMP ➡️ AMP

Answer 9

Activation ➡️ Termination

Question 10

Response

Answer 10

Signal specificity

A signal bound to the same type of receptor won’t always lead to the same cellular response

Question 11

Nuclear Response

Answer 11

Genes

ON and OFF

Question 12

Cytoplasmic

Answer 12

Anything other than genes

Question 13

Apoptosis

Answer 13

Cell death
Carefully controlled by signals
Signal can come from either inside or outside the cell