Intracellular Processes Flashcards
Define intracellular processes
Processes which take place within the cell
Name two strategies which segregate molecules
- multi component complexes
- compartmentalisation of membrane bound organelles
Define an organelle
Cellular structure ( subunit) that performs a specific function within a cell
What do protein in the membrane of cell need to undergo
- replenished and maintained
- transferred from cytosol ( synthesised there) to compartment where they are used (organelle)
- newly synthesised proteins are targeted to organelles
Where does protein synthesis begin
- protein synthesis initiates in the cytosol - multi component complex of RNA and proteins
What allows proteins to be dispatched to the correct address
Amino acid sequence - ensures proteins reach the correct address and the enter the organelle
How many subunits is a protein composed of
Proteins are composed of 2 subunits - smaller/ larger
Which antibiotics target small ribosomal subunits
- doxycycline or streptomycin
These prevent tRNA from binding or travelling through the cell
Which antibiotics target the larger ribosomal subunits
- Erythromycin = peptidyl-transferase which prevents elongation of polypeptide chain
Describe the structure of proteins
Hydrophilic - water loving as they need to move across a hydrophobic membrane of organelles
Name 3 ways in which proteins are imported
Nuclear pores = selective gated for nuclear proteins
Protein translocators = for proteins moving from the cytosol to the ER, mitochondria or peroxisomes
Transport vesicles = for proteins moving from ER onwards
What is the final destination of DNA Polymerase
Nucleus
Final destination of epidermal growth factor
Extracellular
State final destination of keratin
Cytosol
What is the final destination of Melanin
Melanosomes
