Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP) Flashcards
What is the primary function of the IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump)?
Function: Enhances coronary perfusion and reduces left ventricular (LV - Left Ventricle) workload.
Mechanism: Inflates during diastole to improve perfusion, deflates before systole to reduce afterload.
When does the IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump) inflate?
Timing: Diastole (dicrotic notch on arterial waveform).
Why: Increases coronary perfusion pressure.
When does the IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump) deflate?
Timing: Just before systole (R-wave on ECG - Electrocardiogram or arterial upstroke).
Why: Reduces afterload, making it easier for the LV (Left Ventricle) to eject blood.
What are the primary indications for IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump)?
Cardiogenic shock 💔
Acute MI (Myocardial Infarction) with mechanical complications (VSD - Ventricular Septal Defect, MR - Mitral Regurgitation)
High-risk PCI (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) 🏥
Severe heart failure awaiting transplant/VAD (Ventricular Assist Device)
What are contraindications for IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump)?
Aortic dissection 🏴
Severe aortic regurgitation 💨
Severe PAD (Peripheral Arterial Disease)/AAA (Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm) 🚨
Irreversible cardiac arrest ❌
What are common complications of IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump)?
Limb ischemia (femoral artery occlusion) 🦵
Balloon rupture 🎈💥
Infection 🦠
Aortic dissection 🚑
Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) 🩸
How is IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump) positioned?
Correct Placement: 2nd–3rd intercostal space (descending thoracic aorta)
Landmark: Distal tip should be just below the left subclavian artery
How does IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump) affect hemodynamics?
Increases: Coronary perfusion 🌊, CO (Cardiac Output) 📈
Decreases: Myocardial oxygen demand ⬇️, Afterload ⬇️
What happens if the IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump) inflates too early or too late?
Too Early:
Interferes with systole 🔄
Increases afterload 🚫
Too Late:
Misses diastolic augmentation ❌
Reduced coronary perfusion 💔
How is the IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump) weaned off?
Gradual decrease in ratio: 1:1 → 1:2 → 1:3
Monitor for: Worsening hemodynamics 💓
What ECG (Electrocardiogram) event is used to trigger IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump) inflation?
Dicrotic notch (aortic valve closure) on arterial line tracing OR T-wave on ECG (Electrocardiogram)
What ECG (Electrocardiogram) event is used to trigger IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump) deflation?
R-wave on ECG (Electrocardiogram) (ventricular depolarization, start of systole)
How does IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump) help in cardiogenic shock?
Increases diastolic BP (Blood Pressure) → Improves coronary perfusion
Reduces afterload → Decreases myocardial workload
What are key troubleshooting steps if the IABP (Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump) malfunctions?
Check arterial waveform & ECG (Electrocardiogram) trigger
Ensure helium gas source is functioning
Confirm correct placement with imaging
