Intra and Extra-oral Examination

Question 1

When does your extra-oral
assessment of the patient
start?

Answer 1

As soon as you call them from the

waiting room

Question 2

What are we examining

extra-orally? (5)

Answer 2

Skin - lesions, moles, scars, trauma.
Lips - cuts, cracks, cold sores.
Lymph nodes
Salivary glands.
Symmetry

Question 3

sign of infection

Answer 3

warm and tender

Question 4

malignancy

Answer 4

cool and painless

Question 5

lips

Answer 5

●Form external borders of oral cavity
●Covered by skin externally and mucous
membrane internally

Question 6

Innervation: upper lip

Answer 6

Infraorbital Nerve

Question 7

Innervation: lower lip

Answer 7

Mental Nerve

Question 8

LIP FUNCTION

Answer 8

●Food intake
●Tactile sensory organ
●Articulation
●Facial expression
●Closes off oral cavity

Question 9

TMJ

Answer 9

mobility and range

Question 10

Soft tissue examination –good light,

retraction, mirror.

Answer 10

Lips upper/lower
● Buccal mucosa right and left
● Hard palate and soft palate
● Floor of the mouth
● Tongue –dorsum, lateral borders and ventral
(holding tongue with gauze may help)
● Lastly say Ahhh……………….. Pharynx

Question 11

cheeks

Answer 11

Covered by skin externally
internal surface covered by nonkeratinised mucosa
Numerous minor salivary glands
Stenson’s duct / parotid papillae
Buccal / Labial Sucli

Question 12

what is the bulk of the cheek made up by

Answer 12

Buccinator muscle

Question 13

cheek function

Answer 13

●Closes off oral cavity
●Aids in mastication
●Facial expression

Question 14

floor of the mouth

Answer 14

●Covered by non-keratinised mucosa
●Made up of mylohyoid, genioglossus, geniohyoid and
digastric (anterior belly) muscles
●Wharton’s ducts
●Ducts of sublingual salivary glands

Question 15

function of the floor of the mouth

Answer 15

salivation

closes off oral cavity

Question 16

tongue

Answer 16

●Voluntary muscular structure occupying floor of the
mouth
●Dorsum (superior surface) Ventral (inferior)
●Attached to hyoid bone and floor of mouth

Question 17

what is the Superior surface ?

Answer 17

stratified squamous epithelium with numerous papillae.

Question 18

function of the tongue

Answer 18

●Mastication
●Deglutition
●Speech
●Main organ of taste
●Oral hygiene

Question 19

what is the hard palate lined with?

Answer 19

●Lined with keratinised
mucosa, tightly bound to
palatine process

Question 20

what does the soft palate consist of?

Answer 20

●Consists of sheet of fibrous
tissue (aponeurosis)
covered by non-keratinised
mucosa

Question 21

FUNCTIONS OF THE

PALATE

Answer 21

●Separates oral cavity from nasal cavity
●Mastication
●Closes off nasopharynx from oropharynx
during swallowing
●Closes off oral cavity from oropharynx during
respiration
●Taste

Question 22

GINGIVAE marginal

Answer 22

• Surround neck of tooth
• Not directly attached to
tooth
• Forms soft tissue of
gingival sulcus
• Supported / stabilised
by gingival fibres

Question 23

gingivae attached

Answer 23

• Continuous with
marginal gingivae
• Free gingival groove
• Keratinised tissue
• Firmly attached to
underlying bone

Question 24

FUNCTION OF TEETH

Answer 24

Mastication
◾Incisors / canines: cutting / biting teeth
◾Premolars / molars: grinding /chewing

Question 25

PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT

Answer 25

group of specialized connective tissue fibres which essentially attach teeth to the alveolar bone

Question 26

ALVEOLAR BONE

Answer 26

process of bone (either on maxilla or mandible) in which tooth sockets lie

Question 27

CEMENTUM

Answer 27

calcified substance covering

tooth roots

Question 28

GINGIVA

Answer 28

mucosal tissue overlying alveolar bone