Intoduction Flashcards
السلام عليكم
و عليكم السلام
What are Behavioral Sciences?
Behavioral Sciences refer to disciplines that study and deal directly with human behavior, committed to its scientific examination. These include Psychology, Sociology, and Anthropology.
What are the main goals of Behavioral Sciences?
- To describe behavior
- To understand behavior
- To predict behavior
- To control behavior
What is behavior?
Behavior is the result of physical and mental factors (body & mind). It includes any action an organism does that can be observed and recorded, such as eating, sleeping, talking, sneezing, writing, and listening.
Why should physicians study Social & Behavioral Sciences?
Diseases can be caused by behavior and lifestyle, not just external factors (e.g., viruses and bacteria). The shift from the biomedical concept to a holistic approach (physical, mental, social, spiritual, emotional health). Understanding psychosomatic diseases caused by psycho-physiological stress. Physicians should treat people, not just cases. Modern illnesses are shifting from infectious diseases to chronic diseases linked to behavior.
What is Anthropology? What is Medical Anthropology?
Anthropology is the study of the physical, social, and cultural history of humans. Medical Anthropology explores how different cultures explain illness, their treatment beliefs, and to whom they turn when ill.
Define Sociology and Medical Sociology.
Sociology is the study of individuals and groups in society. Medical Sociology is a specialization focusing on human behavior in medical institutions.
What is Psychology?
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. It originates from the Latin word psych (mind) and Greek word logos (study/science).
What is Psychiatry?
Psychiatry is a branch of medicine concerned with diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental disorders and mental illnesses. It comes from Psych (mind) and Iatreia (healing).
What is the difference between a Psychologist and a Psychiatrist?
Psychologist: Holds a PhD or Ed.D. in psychology, conducts research, teaches, administers psychological tests, and may specialize in clinical psychology. Psychiatrist: A medical doctor (M.D.) specializing in abnormal behavior and psychotherapy. Psychoanalyst: A psychiatrist or psychologist trained in Freudian theory, using techniques like free association and dream analysis.
What is the difference between conscious and unconscious behavior?
Conscious behavior: Results from deliberate choices. Unconscious behavior: Driven by motives below awareness, e.g., forgetting unpleasant memories unconsciously. Consciousness: The awareness of thoughts, images, sensations, and emotions at a given moment.
