Into to NS

Question 1

Functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

• Control: control of homeostasis:
• Movement: Reflexes and voluntary control of movement
• Memory and learning: integration of information

Question 2

NS Pattern of operation

Answer 2

Detection of environmental stimuli

• Decision making
• actioning of a response

Question 3

CNS functions

Answer 3

decision making
-integrates info and formulates a response to this info

Control center:

• Controls Muscles, glands
• Controls the endocrine system
• Controls the activity of other organs

Question 4

PNS

Answer 4

-All the nerves of the body
-Forms a link between the CNS and the organs/tissues
PNS is further subdivided into:
- Afferent Nervous System (sensory)
- Efferent Nervous System (motor)-splits into somatic and autonomic)

Question 5

Afferent Nervous System

Answer 5

Senses

• Carries information to the CNS
• Made up of nerves and receptors
• These receptors detect any changes in the environment

Question 6

what are some Internal afferent receptors?

Answer 6

Receptors such as stretch receptors, chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, osmoreceptors

Question 7

What are some external afferent receptors?

Answer 7

Receptors such as touch receptors, special senses (hearing, sight, smell etc)

Question 8

Efferent Nervous System

Answer 8

• Motor
• Consists of all the nerves carrying instructions/commands from the CNS to the target (muscle/gland)
• some nerves are both sensory AND motor nerves (vegus). These are called mixed or compound
• Further divided into
  ◦ Somatic Nervous System
  ◦ Autonomic Nervous System

Question 9

Somatic Nervous System

functions

Answer 9

Controls our relationship with the external environment
-Consists of motor nerves that control skeletal muscles
-Action is voluntary i.e. you consciously decide to move
Ex: walking, running, sitting

Question 10

Autonomic Nervous System: functions

Answer 10

Controls our relationship with the internal environment
-Consists of nerves that carry instructions to the internal organs
-Action is involuntary i.e. AUTOMATIC
Ex: changes in heart rate, gut motility
-Splits into sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 11

Parasympathetic

Answer 11

“Rest and digest” controls involuntary functions Ex: Digestion, urination

Question 12

Sympathetic

Answer 12

“Fight or flight” Prepares the body for immediate physical activity.

Question 13

Excitable cells of NS

Answer 13

Also known as NEURONS

• Make up 20% of the total cells in the nervous system
• They are the functional cells of the system
• Generate and propagate impulses

Question 14

Non-excitable

Answer 14

Make up 80% of all cells in the nervous system

• Glial/neuroglial cells found in the CNS
• Astrocytes
• Oligodendrocytes
• Microglia
• Ependymal cells
• Schwan and Satellite cells found in the PNS